In a previous paper we formulated a set of necessary conditions for the spherically symmetric weakly charged dust to avoid Big Bang/Big Crunch, shell crossing and permanent central singularities. However, we did not discuss the properties of the energy density, some of which are surprising and seem not to have been known up to now. A singularity of infinite energy density does exist – it is a p...

We conjecture that space-like singularities are simply regions in which all available degrees of freedom are excited, and the system cycles randomly through generic quantum states in its Hilbert space. There is no simple geometric description of the interior of such a region, but if it is embedded in a semi-classical space-time an external observer sees it as a black hole. Big Bang and Crunch s...

We examine the effect of credit default swaps (CDSs) on the restructuring of distressed firms. Theoretically, we show that if bondholders are insured with CDSs, the participation rate in a restructuring decreases. Using a sample of distressed exchange offers, we estimate that the participation rate is 29% lower if the firm has CDSs traded on its debt, compared to an unconditional mean of 54%. W...

A coupling is a mechanism that transmits operative power between two shafts are revolving at different speeds. connects their ends and can slip or fail depending on the torque limit. It an essential component of any transmission system may survive for very long time if properly designed maintained. This study's current research, newly developed optimization algorithms used to minimize volume co...

In infinitely cyclic cosmology past eras are discussed using set theory and transfinite numbers. One consistent scenario, already in the literature, is where there is always a countably infinite number, א0, of universes and no big bang. I describe here an alternative where the present number of universes is א0 and in the infinite past there was only a finite number of universes. In this alterna...