(9), there are at least two different subtypes of alcoholism. Type B-like or early-onset alcoholism is characterized by high familial loading, a broad range of impulse-dyscontrol traits, and an early onset (before age 25) of problem drinking (see case 1). In contrast, type A-like or late-onset alcoholism is characterized by a later age at onset of problem drinking (typically age 25 or older), a...

Ankle sprain is one of the most common sport injuries in lower extremities. It frequently occurs in landing phase when athletes perform jumping. The counter movement jump and straddle jump are common jumping strategies often used in baseball and volleyball games. Recurrent ankle sprain frequently leads to a chronic disability, the functional instability. The purpose of this study was to investi...

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 1, 2007; 585 (2): 565-578. J. Physiol. J. P. Fahrenbach, R. Mejia-Alvarez and K. Banach The relevance of non-excitable cells for cardiac pacemaker function [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2008; 294 (2): H1010-H1017. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol K. B. Walsh and J. Zhang regulation of a transient outward current by protein kinase C Neonata...

Stepping activities when wearing a weighted vest may enhance physical function in older persons. Using 3 weighted-vest resistance dosages, this study characterized the lower-extremity joint biomechanics associated with stepping activities in elders. Twenty healthy community-dwelling older adults, ages 74.5 ± 4.5 yrs, performed 3 trials of forward step-up and lateral step-up exercises while wear...

No consensus has been reached on how musculoskeletal system injuries or aging can be explained by a walking plantar impulse. We standardize the plantar impulse by defining a principal axis of plantar impulse. Based upon this standardized plantar impulse, two indexes are presented: plantar pressure record time series and plantar-impulse distribution along the principal axis of plantar impulse. T...

Sled towing (ST) provides an external load in the form of a sled towed using shoulder or waist harness and cord behind athlete. Loading strategies have varied greatly between studies, and despite many investigations, there is little agreement on the optimum loading to develop acceleration phase. The aim this study was investigate kinetics and kinematics velocity-based ST during accelerat...

Explosions increasingly occur in densely populated, urban locations. Primary blast injuries (PBIs), caused by exposure to wave overpressure, can be predicted using injury criteria, although many are based on idealised loading scenarios that do not necessarily reflect real life situations. At present, there is limited understanding of how, and what extent, blast-structure interaction influences ...

Bilateral deficit is well documented; however, bilateral deficit is not present in all tasks and is more likely in dynamic activities than isometric activities. No definitive mechanism(s) for bilateral deficit is known but an oft cited mechanism is lower activation of fast twitch motor units. The aim of this study was to produce comparable and consistent one and two legged drop jumps to examine...

Mechanical behavior of biological structures under dynamic loading generally depends on elastic as well as viscous properties of biological materials. The significance of "viscous" parameters in real situations remains to be elucidated. Behavior of rheological models consisting of a combination of inertial body and two Voigt's bodies were described mathematically with respect to inverse problem...

In this paper, the authors present implementation of a number of low power FIR filter architectures to design reuse-able, programmable and parameterized soft FIR filter IP Cores and compare their performance in terms of area and power. An overall 22.1% power saving is achieved. The paper provides an analysis of the programmable cores and the impact of their constituent components on the overall...