Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the most common causes of mortality worldwide in the 21 st century (1-4). More than 36 million people die annually due to NCDs, that almost 80% of these deaths occur in developing countries (lower-and middle-income countries) (5, 6). Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 proposed a strategy for control and prevention of NCDs which offers the hea...

Introduction: The causal dynamics between environment, health expenditures and economic growth has recently started to be studied in the economics literature for both developing and developed countries. Methods: This study examines the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth using dynamic simultaneous-equations models for Iran over the period 1972-2...

BACKGROUND Asia is a huge and populous continent with diverse economies where the status of renal replacement therapy varies among different countries. SUMMARY The penetration of dialysis is poor among low income countries like India and China. A lack of trained nephrologists and limited numbers of dialysis facilities plague South Asian countries. Most of the hemodialysis centers are in the p...