in macroeconomic studies, social welfare is assumed as a function of inflation and unemployment. although the social welfare function which is dependent to unemployment and inflation variables has been used widely in macroeconomic theories, but this relation needs to be tested through empirical observations. this paper, using variables such as to economics of happiness area and subjective wellb...

Arthur Pigou’s welfare treatises are exercises in practical ethics. The were founded on the ethical concepts of good and economic with economist’s national dividend providing instrument for solving problems. This paper follows this triad from its origins earliest writings ethics policy, into treatises, onto his last writings—a period around fifty years.

This study analyzes the available evidence on the adequacy of economic evaluation for decision-making on the incorporation or exclusion of technologies for rare diseases. The authors conducted a structured literature review in MEDLINE via PubMed, CRD, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar (gray literature). Economic evaluation studies had their origins in Welfare Economics, in which individuals ma...

rural tourism is considered as one of the important parts of the economic activities. this important economic activity in the different views has been taken into consideration. some know it as a part of the tourism market and some consider it as a policy for rural development. rural tourism quickly grew in the rural economic and has been the complementary of agricultural activities. the nature ...

The first generation of the welfare debates has focused on articulating the main drive which leads the development of the welfare state. They mainly exploit political or economic variables, such as industrialization (Wilensky and Lebaux 1958; Wilensky 1975), power resources mobilization of labor class (Korpi 1983; Esping-Andersen 1985), or roles of states (Flora and Alber 1981; Skocpol and Amen...

This entry examines the economic determinants of child maltreatment. We first discuss potential mechanisms through which economic factors, including income, employment, aggregate economic conditions, and welfare receipt, might have causal effects on the rates of child abuse and neglect. We then outline the main challenges faced by researchers attempting to identify these causal effects, emphasi...

This paper aims to present a new analysis framework for assessing disparities among regions (or countries). It combines both economic and social variables, where the economic attributes refer in particular to marked differences in consumption variables. This analysis is also appealing for spatial convergence analyses over time. In our paper, both economic and social variables are included as th...

A long tradition in economics explores the association between the quality of formal institutions and economic performance. The literature on the relationship between such institutions and happiness is, however, rather limited. In this paper, we revisit the findings from recent cross-country studies on the institutions-happiness association. Our findings suggest that the conclusions reached by ...

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a recognised as the economic evaluation technique that accords most with the underlying principles of standard welfare economic theory. However, due to problems associated with the technique, economists evaluating resources allocation decisions in health care have most often used cost-effective analysis (CEA), in which health benefits are expressed in non-monetary...