Supercritical CO2 fluid leaching (SFL) method using supercritical CO2 fluid containing a complex of HNO3 tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was applied to removal of uranium from radioactive solid wastes. Sea sands, incineration ashes and porous alumina bricks were employed as matrixes of simulated solid wastes. Real radioactive incineration ash wastes and firebrick wastes were also subjected to the S...

PURPOSE This paper reviews the literature for methods of maximizing the postmortem oral-facial information available for a comparison to be made for identification following an incident resulting in incineration. METHOD A search was initially instigated utilizing PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with further library searches and correspondences among peers around the world leading to a com...

The chemical composition and aluminum speciation of sludge incineration residue (SIR) were determined. Cementation of aluminum from sulfuric acid solution using SIR was studied. The results showed that acid-soluble inorganic aluminum was the predominant component in the sludge, and the total leached aluminum increased from 62.2% to 92.9% after incineration. Sulfuric acid dosage and reaction tim...

In Japan, the development and financing of infrastructure are traditionally dominated by the public sector. Learning from the failures of so called ‘‘third sector’’ projects in the 1970s and 1980s as well as based on experience from the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in other countries, Japan introduced a PFI Promotion Law in 1999 to enhance private participation in the provision of infrastru...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) remains a major problem in modern societies, even though the significant efforts to prevent, reduce, reuse and recycle. At present, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants is one of the main management options in most of the developed countries. The technology for recovering energy from MSW has evolved over the years and now sophisti...

Only five studies have been found in the literature which provide any indication of the effectiveness of incineration for rendering infectious hospital waste innocuous. Although there is an indication from these studies for release of bacteria in stack gas, none of the studies identified the bacteria or determined the source of bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the p...

Recently, infrared cameras are used in grate firing processes for waste and biomass incineration in order to optimize the process control. These infrared (IR) cameras with a bandpass filter at 3.8 to 4.0 μm allow for a detailed measurement of the solid bed's temperature distribution. Additionally, the current load condition of the grate is of interest for the process control, which cannot be me...

The incineration of municipal waste has been the subject of controversy for many years and has been widely opposed because of concerns about the pollution of the air with toxic materials, particularly dioxins. Many incinerators have had to stop operation and many projects have been abandoned. At the same time, communities continue to be faced with the challenge of handling growing amounts of wa...

Thermal technologies for the treatment of waste are once again attracting interest, particularly in Europe and North Amerca, as landfill space becomes scarcer and landfill regulations become more stringent. Plasma technologies can be used to destroy waste at high temperatures, using electricity to convert waste into a fuel gas and an inert rock. The Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System’s (PAWDS)...