The price of oil is affected by several economic, political, social, and climatic factors, in addition to the nature prevailing market. It also subject “continuous fluctuations due international market,” which characterized dynamism instability. Monday, April 20, 2020 considered a black day history industry as standard American prices collapsed 300% during that day's trading. general budget Ira...

We investigate the link between resource revenues volatility and institutions. build a stochastic differential game with two players (conservatives vs. liberals) lobbying for changing institutions in their preferred directions. First, uncertainty surrounds dynamics of revenues. Second, power is asymmetric, conservatives’ being increasing show existence unique equilibrium set affine strategies. ...

capital market is one of the most important sectors of every economy. economic growth can lead to capital market boom and development, on the other hand, achieving desired economic growth and development is impossible without efficient financial institution and suitable funding resources. in this study the relationship between financial development and economic growth in opec countries and non-...

abstract in the recent decades, the iranian economy has been highly depended on oil revenues. considering the fact that a great part of non-oil exports are agricultures product, studying factors influencing growth of agricultural sector plays an important role in the iran's economy. supply domestic shocks and domestic demand pressure along with deviation of exchange rates from its equilibrium, ...

In this study we investigate the economic effects of carbon taxes on the Russian economy. The main findings of this study are the following: an introduction of carbon taxes compensated by an increase in lump-sum subsidies may weak the Russian economy through higher energy costs. Moreover, such an environmental tax reform could induce Dutch disease in Russia because of increases in the domestic ...

Abstract:Non-oil exports are increased in the measures taken, to reduce Iran's dependence on oil revenues. Creating new business areas in different sectors and unused capacities are fac-tors that make it imperative to pay attention to the development of non-oil exports. Ex-port growth is the key to economic recovery for governments. Among non-oil exports, in many countries of the world th...

State tax revenues in most countries started to decrease during the recession. Government of Latvia decided to compensate the decline by increasing rates of several taxes including excise tax on strong alcohol. The total increase in 2009 constituted 42% and the rate increased from 896€ to 1 266€ for 100l of absolute alcohol. Since then this has had a negative impact on consumption volumes and t...