one of the most important challenges for researchers is deciding on how to collect their data. there are various views on using telephone interviews. conducting telephone interviews on women of 40 years old and older in isfahan about mammography screening behavior showed that it could be an appropriate method for data collection when there is a combination of effective communication process and...

Water quality in the United States is threatened by contamination with nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. Animal manure can be a valuable resource for farmers, providing nutrients, improving soil structure, and increasing vegetative cover to decrease erosion potential. At the same time, application of manure nutrients in excess of crop requirements can result in environmental contami...

Fuzzy Water Quality Index (FWQI) was applied in order to assess the degree of drinking water resources in Yazd province, Iran. Thisstudy has also offered the creation of a new fuzzy water quality index (FWQI) to evaluate this tool’s applicability. 12 chemicalparameters including toxic and non-toxic heavy metals measured in 71 groundwater samples collected from drinking water resourcesin rural a...

Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer and water inputs has been widely used in greenhouse vegetable production China. However, farmers usually do not apply additional organic material a high carbon content, although soil (SOC) concentrations are mostly below the optimum level for production. Returning straw or biochar to fields is an effective strategy sustainability environmental friendline...

Management is an effective tool for increasing the productivity of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica). This species has been widely planted in China, especially in sandy lands. However, optimization of management practices had not been fully explored. We established a system dynamic model to evaluate the effects of thinning and of manipulation of water supply on the productivity a...

This paper will describe the development and evolution of GIS to support environmental quality monitoring and hazards mitigation activities in two citizen-based water watch movements: Alabama Water Watch and Nucleo Pro Tiete in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In both cases, citizen volunteers concerned with creating baseline databases for local watershed areas formed as a result of severe problems in local ...