Supply chain management is concerned with the flow of material and information linking across suppliers & users. The coordination among processes plays vital role when different types of products are moving from many suppliers to number of buyers and it turns into more difficult phase when products are deteriorating in nature. Current study employs the same bases to develop a model, where deter...

This paper investigates an order allocation problem of a manufacturer/buyer among multiple suppliers under the risks of supply disruption. A mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is developed for order allocation considering different capacity, failure probability and quantity discounts for each supplier. We have shown that the formulated problem is NP-hard in nature and genetic al...

In this paper, we study the procurement problem faced by a buyer who needs to purchase a variety of goods from suppliers applying a so-called total quantity discount policy. This policy implies that every supplier announces a number of volume intervals and that the volume interval in which the total amount ordered lies determines the discount. Moreover, the discounted prices apply to all goods ...

Demand forecasting is a crucial component of revenue management, as forecasts are almost always inputs into optimization routines for pricing decisions. The performance of many revenue management systems often depends critically on the quality of demand forecasts. Indeed, industry estimates suggest that a 20% reduction of forecast error may lead to 1% incremental increase in revenue (Talluri an...

This research develops two models to consider retailer sales promotion and manufacturer trade under demand uncertainty. The objective of the first model is determine retailer’s optimal promotional effort order quantity while maximizing profit exogenous promotion. second extends manufacturer’s endogenous decisions. For these models, three different policies (off-invoice, scan-back, unsold-discou...

A firm facing price dependent stochastic demand aims to maximize its total expected profit over a planning horizon. In addition to the regular unit selling price, the firm can utilize quantity discounts to increase sales. We refer to this dual-pricing strategy as quantity-based price differentiation. At the beginning of each period, the firm needs to make three decisions: replenish the inventor...

The joint replenishment problem has been extensively studied and the strategy adopted by a large variety of retailers in recent years. However, under minimum order quantity other constraints does not receive sufficient attention. This paper analyzes retailing supply chain involving supplier that provides discount schedules limits quantity. include requirements for each item as to total quantity...

BACKGROUND Most health technology economic evaluations simulate only the prevalent cohort or the next incident cohort of patients. They therefore do not capture all future patient-related benefits and costs. OBJECTIVE We show how to estimate and aggregate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for both currently eligible (prevalent) and future (incident) patient cohorts within the ...

OBJECTIVE Assessing the cost-effectiveness of open or thoracoscopic thymectomy compared to medical therapy in managing myasthenia gravis not associated with thymoma. METHODS A Markov model was designed for evaluating three strategies' cost-effectiveness. Transition probabilities were taken from the pertinent literature; the costs were estimated from official tariff manuals. Incremental cost-e...