OBJECTIVE To undertake a cost effectiveness analysis comparing first and second generation endometrial ablative techniques, hysterectomy, and the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for treating heavy menstrual bleeding. DESIGN Model based economic evaluation with data from an individual patient data meta-analysis supplemented with cost and outcome data from published source...

OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of the use of cardiotocography (CTG) complemented with fetal electrocardiography and ST analysis compared with the use of CTG alone in term deliveries when a decision has been made to use fetal monitoring with a scalp electrode. DESIGN A cost-effectiveness analysis based on a probabilistic decision model incorporating relevant strategies and lifelong...

PURPOSE To compare the costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of alternative treatment strategies for intermittent claudication. MATERIALS AND METHODS By combining data from the literature and original patient data, a Markov decision model was developed to evaluate the societal cost-effectiveness. Patients presented with previously untreated intermittent claudication, and treatment opti...

BACKGROUND Updated World Health Organization guidelines have amplified debate about how resource constraints should impact monitoring strategies for HIV-infected persons on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We estimated the incremental benefit and cost effectiveness of alternative monitoring strategies for east Africans with known HIV infection. METHODS Using a validated HIV computer...

BACKGROUND As many as 10% of Asian and Pacific Islander adults in the United States are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and up to two thirds are unaware that they are infected. Without proper medical management and antiviral therapy, up to 25% of Asian and Pacific Islander persons with chronic HBV infection will die of liver disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectivene...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost-effectiveness of growth hormone (GH) therapy for idiopathic short stature (ISS). DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis. SETTING Decision model. PATIENTS A cohort of 10-year-old prepubertal boys with ISS treated with GH. INTERVENTIONS Comparison of children treated for 5 years with GH therapy vs children receiving no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incre...

Social scientists often seek to demonstrate that a construct has incremental validity over and above other related constructs. However, these claims are typically supported by measurementlevel models that fail to consider the effects of measurement (un)reliability. We use intuitive examples, Monte Carlo simulations, and a novel analytical framework to demonstrate that common strategies for esta...

We investigated the spatial genetic structure of the tiger meta-population in the Satpura-Maikal landscape of central India using population- and individual-based genetic clustering methods on multilocus genotypic data from 273 individuals. The Satpura-Maikal landscape is classified as a global-priority Tiger Conservation Landscape (TCL) due to its potential for providing sufficient habitat tha...

Density dependence, population regulation, and variability in population size are fundamental population processes, the manifestation and interrelationships of which are affected by environmental variability. However, there are surprisingly few empirical studies that distinguish the effect of environmental variability from the effects of population processes. We took advantage of a unique syste...