It is demonstrated, that a two-joined arm performing goal directed movements is controllable (a) by two central pattern generators (CPG) representing sampled data control, each referring to one joint, initiated for exactly one period, and producing the angular movement width about this joint, and (b) by reflex-like processes operating continuously with respect to time. The latter eliminate the ...

OBJECTIVE To summarize the data from randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. METHODS Four independent computerized literature searches were performed. Only randomized trials were admitted in which acupuncture was tested vs sham acupuncture, standard therapy, or no treatment at all. Data were extracted in a predefined, standardized fashion. RESULT...

1 Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria, 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Zanzibar, Tanzania, 3 Vector and Vector Borne Diseases Research Institute, Tanga, Tanzania, 4 Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria, ...