This paper analyzes indicative and counterfactual conditionals that have in their consequents probability operators: probable, likely, more likely than not, 50% chance and so on. I provide and motivate a unified compositional semantics for both kinds of probabilistic conditionals using a Kratzerian syntax for conditionals and a representation of information based on Causal Bayes Nets. On this a...

When selling a business by auction, investment banks frequently use indicative bids – non-binding preliminary bids – to select a limited number of bidders to participate. We show that if participation is costly, indicative bids can be informative: symmetric equilibrium exists in weakly-increasing strategies, but bidders “pool” over a finite number of bids, so the highest-value bidders are not a...

introduction: breast cancer with 22.6% is the most common cancer in iranian women and mastectomy is the treatment of choice in 81% of cases posted for surgery. mastectomy can evoke feelings of mutilation, altered body image and decreased sexual attractiveness and function leading to mood disorders. in the last decades, final purpose of treatment strategies in breast cancer is creation of a life...

The performance of the average investor in an asset class lags the average performance of the asset class itself by an average of one percent per year over the past fifteen years, based on net investor mutual fund cash flows. We present a model in which a representative behavioral investor believes next year’s returns will exactly match last year’s returns and show that this leads to price adju...

UNLABELLED Umbilical hernia has gained little attention from surgeons in comparison with other types of abdominal wall hernias (inguinal, postoperative); however, the primary suture for umbilical hernia is associated with a recurrence rate of 19-54%. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the umbilical hernia repair and to assess the independent risk factors influencing umbilical h...

A debated aspect of the analysis of indicative conditionals of the form “if A then C” concerns whether they have as their negation the conjunction “A and not C” or the conditional negation “if A then not C”. We argue that neither theory is adequate, but that both forms of negation can be pragmatically retrieved from a Kratzer-style analysis of conditionals in which the negation of “if A then C”...

AIMS To identify substantive findings of potential clinical and managerial significance from a regional feasibility study of adverse events (AEs). METHODS A standardised protocol using structured implicit review was applied to 142 AEs generated in an audit study of three public hospitals in the Auckland region for admissions in 1995. Areas of potential significance addressed were: timing, loc...