Abstract I argue against the view that metalinguistic usage is a form of conversational implicature. That view, suggested by Thomasson (Anal Philos 57(4):1-28, 2016) and Belleri (Philos Stud 174(9):2211–2226, 2017), has been most recently fleshed out Mankowitz (Synthese 199:5603–5622, 2021). provide two types criticism to implicature view. From an empirical point differs in key respects from st...

Abstract. Fire is an important source of ozone (O3) precursors. The formation surface O3 can cause damage to vegetation and reduce stomatal conductance. Such processes feed back inhibit dry deposition indirectly enhance O3. Here, we apply a fully coupled chemistry–vegetation model estimate the indirect contributions global fires through O3–vegetation feedback during 2005–2012. emissions directl...