Notch1 (N1) receptor signaling is essential and sufficient for T cell development, and recently developed in vitro culture systems point to members of the Delta family as being the physiological N1 ligands. We explored the ability of Delta1 (DL1) and DL4 to induce T cell lineage commitment and/or maturation in vitro and in vivo from bone marrow (BM) precursors conditionally gene targeted for N1...

Dendritic cells are unique heterogenous cell population capable of responding to different inflammatory signals. These signals induce the process of maturation forcing cells to leave the inflamed site and to migrate to draining lymph nodes. During this process, dendritic cells have to initiate differentiation responses expressed among others by up-regulation of some surface antigens (e.g., MHC ...

The study carried out a 15-day feeding trial of the fleshy shrimp broodstock that have just finished their first spawn using five different maturation feed types (three manufactured feed, fresh and commercial feed) to induce multiple spawning in then analyzed compared hemolymph levels total protein, lipid, hemocyanin, glucose, cholesterol as well ovary histology between treatments identify pote...

BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in immune response and cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as well as interferon (IFN)-alpha have been proven to induce DC maturation. In this study, the synergistic effects of CpG-ODN and IFN-alpha on DC maturation were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface molecules on DCs and the stimulatory responses of ...

The astrocyte is a major glial cell type of the brain, and plays key roles in the formation, maturation, stabilization and elimination of synapses. Thus, changes in astrocyte condition and age can influence information processing at synapses. However, whether and how aging astrocytes affect synaptic function and maturation have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we show the effects of ...

A large body of evidence demonstrates that dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the control of immunity by priming and tolerizing T cells. In multiple sclerosis (MS), autoreactive T cells are proposed to play a pathogenic role by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, but comparison studies on the effects of immature and mature dendritic cells on the cytokines profile of antigen-specific ...

Ikegami, Machiko, Timothy J. M. Moss, Suhas G. Kallapur, Neil Mulrooney, Boris W. Kramer, Ilias Nitsos, Cindy J. Bachurski, John P. Newnham, and Alan H. Jobe. Minimal lung and systemic responses to TNFin preterm sheep. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 285: L121–L129, 2003. First published February 28, 2003; 10.1152/ajplung.00393.2002.—TNFhas been associated with chorioamnionitis and the subse...

In the period between puberty and maturity takes place the process of brain maturation. Hormone levels induce changes in neurons and direct the architecture and structural functionality thus affecting patterns of development of different brain areas. The onset of puberty brings with it the invasion of the female brain by high levels of hormones, cyclic surges of estrogen and progesterone in add...

Lumpy wool (dermatophilosis) develops following prolonged wetting of sheep when bacterial proliferation in and on skin induce an exudative dermatitis, causing a superficial lesion damage to follicles fibres. The incidence dermatophilosis is strongly dependent wet warm weather and, hence, infection sporadic. While older animals are less at risk than lambs, it unclear whether this reflects natura...

Pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (AT) are AB enterotoxins produced by Bordetella pertussis. PT is a powerful mucosal adjuvant whose cellular target and mechanism of action are unknown; however, emerging evidence suggests that dendritic cells (DC) may be a principal adjuvant target of PT. Here, we investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of these toxins on human monocyte-...