Free radicals include both Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS).When free radicals are produced in a regulated manner in a healthy human body it is scavenged efficiently by antioxidant defense system. But excess generation of pro-oxidants by continuous chain reaction in the form of ROS and RNS cause several human diseases. The shift of the balance in the favour of p...

Glutathione, the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, protects cells against reactive oxygen species induced oxidative stress and regulates intracellular redox status. We found that rice peptides increased intracellular glutathione levels in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic. However, an overdose of acetaminophen causes severe hepatotoxicity via de...

BACKGROUND Ramipril, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEI), is a drug commonly used in the therapy of hypertension. ACEI-induced hepatotoxicity is rare, and most of the reported cases are associated with captopril. Here, we present the first case of ramipril-induced liver injury proven by positive rechallenge and a review of the literature including the data from the US Food ...

We present the case of a patient referred to the gastroenterology service for investigation of abnormal liver function tests. She had been taking nitrofurantoin for 16 months as prophylaxis against urinary tract infections. CT scan showed evidence of lung pneumonitis and low attenuation in the liver parenchyma. Nitrofurantoin-induced pneumonitis and hepatotoxicity was diagnosed. The patient res...

BACKGROUND The country of Georgia has a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. PURPOSE To determine whether HCV co-infection increases the risk of incident drug-induced hepatitis among patients on first-line anti-TB drug therapy. METHODS Prospective cohort study; HCV serology was obtained on all study subjects at the time of TB diagnosis; hepatic enzyme ...

Isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin have hepatotoxic potential, and can lead to such reactions during antituberculosis chemotherapy. Most of the hepatotoxic reactions are dose-related; some are, however, caused by drug hypersensitivity. The immunogenetics of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, especially inclusive of acetylaor phenotype polymorphism, have been increasingly unravell...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is an environmental toxicant with a polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon structure and is one of the most toxic man-made chemicals. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD induces reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated how 2,3,7,8-TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity affect the expression of heat shock proteins and antio...

Organophosphorus compounds induce oxidative stress leading to generation of free radicals and alterations in antioxidant and scavengers of oxygen free radicals. The present study demonstrates the effect of chronic exposure of phorate in causation of oxidative stress in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Phorate was administered orally at doses 0.05, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg of body weight for 60 days. After the ...

In the present study, an attempt was made to develop galactosylated albumin nanoparticles of Cimetidine for treatment of Acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. By developing the galactosylated nanoparticulated delivery of Cimetidine the required action of drug at the target site i.e at liver can be provided. The advantage of targeting helps to reduce the systemic side effects which may ...