Project Summary Objectives of this research are to develop, implement, and test a methodology for building inductive databases, which extend conventional databases by integrating inductive inference capabilities. These capabilities allow a database to answer queries that require synthesizing plausible knowledge. Such knowledge is not directly or deductively obtainable from the database, but can...

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Inductive learning systems search for regularities that therefore be applied with some assurance to an example describe environmental observations, These systems often use which does not belong to the learning set. In other numeri~~l heu~stics to guide this search, The~ also sele~t words, statistical significance may be used to assess regulantles which are good, or the best, according to certai...

Available online 15 February 2013

In most cases, if relevant, positive evidence raises and negative evidence lowers argument strength in induction. Previous research, however, has shown that it is possible to raise the argument strength of a single positive premise argument by introducing negative evidence (Heussen, et al., 2011). Here we test one possible mechanism for such an increase in argument strength. When people conside...

The Bayesian approach to inductive reasoning originated in two brilliant insights. In 1654 Blaise Pascal, while in the course of a correspondence with Fermat [1769], recognized that states of uncertainty can be quantified using probabilities and expectations. In the early 1760s Thomas Bayes [1763] first understood that learning can be represented probabilistically using what is now called Bayes...

In this paper first order theories for nonmonotone inductive definitions are introduced, and a proof-theoretic analysis for such theories based on combined operator forms à la Richter with recursively inaccessible and Mahlo closure ordinals is given.

Gold’s original paper on inductive inference introduced a notion of an optimal learner . Intuitively, a learner identifies a class of objects optimally iff there is no other learner that: requires as little of each presentation of each object in the class in order to identify that object, and, for some presentation of some object in the class, requires less of that presentation in order to iden...

Although reasoning skills have been investigated in a number of different domains, very little is known about how children and adults use them in chemistry. Here, participants from 4 years to adults saw various mixtures presented using a standard property induction paradigm. The category and appearance of everyday materials were varied to assess the extent that participants use these features t...

This article presents results from a recent study that isolated grammar instruction that is deductive (i.e., involving rule presentation and metalinguistic information) as a variable and contrasted it with an instructional treatment that is inductive (i.e., focusing on form with no explicit grammar instruction). The effectiveness of these two types of instruction was compared on measures of bot...