Ultrafiltration experiments with laryngotracheitis virus were. first reported by Beach (1930), Gibbs (1931) and Beach (1931). These investigators used the porcelain filters of Berkefeld and the fibrous filters of Seitz and agreed that the virus particles passed readily through the Berkefeld V filters, occasionally through the Berkefeld N filters, and were completely retained by the Berkefeld W ...

various commercial vaccines for immunization of broiler chickens against infectious bursal disease (ibd) are available, so it would be appropriate to compare the pathogenicity and immune response of chickens to these vaccines. in this study the pathogenicity and serologic response of four ibd vaccines, cloned d78®, bursine-2®, bursimune® and cevac gambo-l®, were evaluated in specific pathogen f...

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is a highly contagious disease caused by the bovine herpes virus-1 (bohv-1), resulting in significant losses to livestock around the world. bohv-1 is a major pathogen of cattle, primarily associated with respiratory/genital tract infections and abortion. in the present study, we determined the presence of antibodies in 120 serum samples of cattle with the histo...

background: the choice of an accurate microorganism isolation from chronic osteomyelitis has been a big conflict between clinicians during the time. the aim of this study is to compare specimens from sinus tract and bone, for an accurate treatment of trauma induced chronic osteomyelitis (co). patients and methods: a total of 139 patients with trauma induced co, were entered to the study. the sp...

conclusion according to our findings, it is recommended to use ferula gummosa extract, as a herbal alternative treatment, in more investigations to prove its treatment effects on infections. objective ferula gummosa grows as a native plant in different parts of iran and has been used for treatment of some infections such as uti since ancient times. present study is planned to show the antibacte...

sexually transmitted diseases (std) are a significant problem in canada and have many personal and financial effects on the society. stds are very prevalent in adults and adolescents who are very sexually active. women are more affected by these diseases and after many years, appear in the shape of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical cancer. majority of women never know about her infec...

background: infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis, which is characterized by respiratory, reproductive, and renal signs. ibv is a highly variable virus with a large number of genotypes. s1 gene sequencing has been used for molecular epidemiological studies and genotypic characterization of ibv. objective: to better understand the molecular epide...

streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis is one of the pyogenic group c and g streptococcus, which may be found in the normal gastrointestinal and genitourinary flora of a healthy human. many cases have been reported in literature; however, reports of septic arthritis due to this agent without predisposing factors are extremely rare. diagnosis of this agent is possible in advanced labo...

the main purpose of this paper has been to discuss the effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. we were specifically concerned with stress that increased susceptibility of uninfected hosts when exposed to infection. if such stresses also reduced resources, fecundity and/or survivorship, there was a reduction in the host carrying capacity. in addi...