An auction platform is a dynamic environment where a rich variety of social effects can be observed. Most of those effects remain unnoticed or even hidden to ordinary users. The in-depth studies of such effects should allow us to identify and understand the key factors influencing users’ behaviour. The material collected from the biggest Polish auction house has been analyzed. NLP algorithms we...

A question of some interest is how to characterize the amount of information that a prior puts into a statistical analysis. Rather than a general characterization, we provide an approach to characterizing the amount of information a prior puts into an analysis, when compared to another base prior. The base prior is considered to be the prior that best reflects the current available information....

Iris Chuoying Ouyang and Elsi Kaiser University of Southern California [email protected] Prosody has been found to encode the extent to which linguistic elements are informative. Prior work has approached informativity from two angles: (i) information theory/statistical probability and (ii) information structure/pragmatics. Prior work from the information-theory side has found that increased sta...

The manipulated or manufactured truth on social media platforms spreads false information to influence netizens’ cognition, often resulting in fabricated and political narratives. This study systematically reviews the literature manipulation its impact cognition of users. primary focus is disinformation, misinformation, fake news, propaganda. appraises 162 peer-reviewed publications indexed Web...

Reduced forms such as the pronoun he provide little information about their intended meaning compared to more elaborate descriptions lead singer of Coldplay. Listeners must therefore use contextual recover meaning. Across languages, there appears be a trade-off between informativity form and prominence its referent. For example, Italian adults generally interpret informationally empty null pron...

Abstract Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management a complex mechanism in which different effects—such as articulatory, processing planning ease, mental accessibility, informativity, online offline effects—conspire yield coding linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand interactional these effec...

Grain production is one of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex main branches. An indicator of the grain production efficiency is its profitability. It is characterized by significant annual fluctuations that induce risk. Redistribution of existing grain crops areas taking into consideration their profitability can bring to increase of production efficiency. The paper observes Markowitz’s opti...

Questionnaire instruments have been used extensively by researchers in the literature review for evaluation of various aspects public transportation. Important implications derived from those to improve transport. However, it is important that instruments, which are designed measure stimuli, meet criteria reliability reflect a real impact stressors. Particularly, given diverse range commuter ch...