By sharing contaminated needles, injecting drug users contribute in a significant manner to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Asia and in some European countries. Furthermore, injecting drug users may also be sex workers, and risky sexual activities allow the virus to spread to other parts of the population. Mathematical models of needle sharing have been used to evaluate ...

BACKGROUND Data of the Central Bureau of Statistic of Nepal from 2008 show a total of more than 46,000 illegal drug users, out of which 61% are injecting drug users (IDU). An injecting mix of medicines like opioids, benzodiazepines and antihistamines (the so-called South Asian cocktail) was prevalent. Furthermore, it is estimated that about 70,000 people are living with human immunodeficiency v...

introduction: intravenous drug users as a serious health problem in communities have economical and social effects as well as health and hygienic complications. viral infections may be transmitted through drug injection by shared syringes among users. the aim of this study has been to determine the relative frequency of hbv, hcv and hiv infection’s markers as epidemiological data in ahvaz. mate...

Given the economic and health costs of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the ongoing transmission within the injecting drug user (IDU) population, there is a need for improved understanding of HCV epidemiology within this risk group. We employed a recently developed method based on phylogenetic analysis to infer HCV epidemic history and to provide the first estimates of the rate of spread ...

Due to the increasing number of infections related to injecting drug use, both the pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, and the circulating genotypes in Europe have changed. As there are little available data in this respect for Romania, the aim of our study was a preliminary analysis of the distribution of HCV genotypes circulating among injecting drug users (IDUs). Of the 45 IDUs ...