Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein of the primary innate immune-defense system of mammals present in milk and other mucosal secretions. This protein of the transferrin family has broad antimicrobial properties by depriving pathogens from iron, or disrupting their plasma membranes through its highly cationic charge. Noteworthy, Lf also exhibits immunomodulatory activities performing up- and down...

Traditional Medicine is very culture based. Every ethnic group has had its traditional medicine based on its indigenous knowledge base. Most traditional medicine systems utilize herbs (plants) as the main source of their therapeutic substances, although minerals and animal products are also utilized. traditional knowledge has often played a role in the development of modern science. Greater eff...

This review considers critically the evidence for the involvement of mediators of innate and acquired immunity in various stages of atherosclerosis. Rapidly mobilized arms of innate immunity, including phagocytic leukocytes, complement, and proinflammatory cytokines, contribute to atherogenesis. In addition, adaptive immunity, with its T cells, antibodies, and immunoregulatory cytokines, powerf...

BACKGROUND Innate immune responses have recently been appreciated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Whereas inadequate innate immune sensing of HIV during acute infection may contribute to failure to control and eradicate infection, persistent inflammatory responses later during infection contribute in driving chronic immune activation and development of immunodefi...

Host defence peptides (HDPs) are innate immune effector molecules found in diverse species. HDPs exhibit a wide range of functions ranging from direct antimicrobial properties to immunomodulatory effects. Research in the last decade has demonstrated that HDPs are critical effectors of both innate and adaptive immunity. Various studies have hypothesized that the antimicrobial property of certain...

hepcidin is an innate immune element which decreases the iron absorption from diet and iron releasing from macrophage cell. in contrast to the chemical iron chelators, there has been limited effort applied to the specific use of hepcidin as a new drug for decreasing the iron overload. hepcidin is produced in different biological systems. for instance, e-coli is used for human hepcidin expressio...

with the prevalence of every type of cancer increasing globally, the inability to treat and the severe side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy are some of the biggest problems facing cancer patients and their physicians.1many herbal medicines have replaced their chemical rivals; for example, emetine lost its ground to metronidazole as an amoebicidal agent, and digoxin has given its...

on tabatabai`s viewpoint, human being is of a particular nature leading to special manner of life and way that is ended to god. , that he is certain that led to the lord is leading and specific traditions and way of life. calvin's theology is based on the acknowledgment of god in the depths of the human mind. it is a theory one may not acquire by common education, rather it is something th...

Partitions of a set play an important role in automatic knowledge discovery algorithms that learn human-like concepts from innate priors. One such type prior is isometries, the recogn...

Innate immunity is key for host defense in a vast range of organisms, from invertebrates to vertebrates. A number of Japanese scientists have made significant contributions to the clarification of innate immune mechanisms and have applied this knowledge to treatments for various diseases including cancer, allergy and autoimmune disorders. Here, we present an overview of the development of innat...