Gene insertion and deletion are considered as the basic operations in DNA processing and RNA editing. Based on these evolutionary transformations, a computing model has been formulated in formal language theory known as insertion-deletion systems. Recently, in [6], a new computing model named Matrix insertion-deletion system has been introduced to model various bio-molecular structures such as ...

A mutation of the Drosophila melanogaster vermilion (v) gene known as v1 is caused by the insertion of a 412 retrotransposon into the 5' untranslated region of the first exon. Mutants carrying this insertion accumulate a low level of mRNA from which most of the transposon sequences have been eliminated by splicing at cryptic sites within transposon sequences. Here, we demonstrate that a reverta...

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was first isolated from meat-producing chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis. However, ALV-J infections associated with hemangiomas have occurred in egg-producing (layer) flocks in China. In this study, we identified an ALV-J layer isolate (HLJ13SH01) as a recombinant of ALV-J and a Rous sarcoma virus Schmidt-Ruppin B strain (RSV-SRB), which contai...

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was first isolated from meat-producing chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis. However, ALV-J infections associated with hemangiomas have occurred in egg-producing (layer) flocks in China. In this study, we identified an ALV-J layer isolate (HLJ13SH01) as a recombinant of ALV-J and a Rous sarcoma virus Schmidt-Ruppin B strain (RSV-SRB), which contai...

F plasmid derivatives carrying kan insertion mutations in the transfer region genes traR, trbJ, and trbH were constructed. Standard tests indicated that these loci are not essential for F pilus production or F transfer among Escherichia coli K-12 hosts. Among the traR and trbH mutants tested, the orientation of the kan cassette had no effect on the mutant phenotype. In each case, there was no s...

The frequency of movement of Tcl, a 1.6kilobase transposable element in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is under genetic control, and Tcl insertion sites are widely but nonrandomly distributed. The unusually high frequency of insertions at multiple sites in the gene unc-22 suggested that this gene might be particularly rich in preferred target sites. To discover the features of Tcl target ...

BACKGROUND The eukaryotic genome is divided into distinct replication timing domains, which are activated during S phase in a strictly conserved order. Cellular differentiation can alter replication timing in some loci, but recent experiments yielded conflicting data regarding the relationship between gene expression and replication timing. The genetic and epigenetic determinants of replication...

An insertion of one or two amino acids at the monomer-monomer junctions of polyubiquitin is a distinct and highly conserved molecular character that is shared by two very diverse clades of microeukaryotes, the Cercozoa and the Foraminifera. It has been suggested that an insertion consisting of one amino acid, like that found in foraminiferans and some cercozoans, represents an ancestral state, ...

The biogenesis of membrane proteins with a single transmembrane (TM) segment is well understood. However, understanding the biogenesis and membrane assembly of membrane proteins with multiple TM segments is still incomplete because of the complexity and diversity of polytopic membrane proteins. In an attempt to investigate further the biogenesis of polytopic membrane proteins, I used the human ...

We investigate binary sequences which can be obtained by concatenating the columns of (0,1)-matrices derived from permutation sequences. We then prove that these binary sequences are subsets of a surprisingly diverse ensemble of codes, namely the Levenshtein codes, capable of correcting insertion/deletion errors; spectral null codes, with spectral nulls at certain frequencies; as well as being ...