The retina is a highly specialised part of the brain responsible for visual processing. It is well-laminated; three layers containing five different types of neurons are compartmentalised by two synaptic layers. Among the retinal layers, the inner nuclear layer (INL) is composed of horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cell types. Bipolar cells form one sublayer in the distal half of the IPL, while...

To estimate the measurement uncertainty using a modular DAQ system, factors influencing the quality of A/D modules have to be determined. While integral and differential non-linearity describes the static quality of an ADC, the effective number of bits or SINAD are typical integral parameters characterising the dynamic quality of an A/D module. The paper analyses how individual disturbing facto...

In this paper, we describe a new full-wave integral equation model to tackle electromagnetic scattering problems arising from objects buried in layered media. Such a model is a rewriting of the usually adopted Contrast Source integral equation and is named Contrast Source-Extended Born (CS-EB) owing to this circumstance and to the relationship existing among its linearization and the Extended B...

This work investigates Automatic Generation Control and optimal gain setting of conventional controller for multi area interconnected reheat thermal power systems. Conventional Proportional – integral – Derivative (PID) controller is used for this investigation. Optimization of controller gain values are tuned by Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) traditional approach. The proposed work presen...

Controllers design problems are multi objective optimization problems as the controller must satisfy several performance measures that are often conflicting and competing with each other. In multi-objective approach a set of solutions can be generated from which the designer can select a final solution according to his requirement and need. This paper presents the design and analysis Proportion...

Neural networks are now one of the most successful learning formalisms. Neurons transform inputs x1, ..., xn into an output f(w1x1 + ... + wnxn), where f is a non-linear function and wi are adjustable weights. What f to choose? Usually the logistic function is chosen, but sometimes the use of different functions improves the practical efficiency of the network. We formulate the problem of choos...

Observations of standard stars with NICMOS grism (G096), when compared with the same standards taken by STIS (G750L), show a disagreement over the wavelength range 0.8 to 1 micron. Further comparison with ACS F850LP data confirms thisnon-linearity to be due to NICMOS in the sense that fainter stars in NICMOS appear too faint relative to a brighter normalisation. We investigate this over a wide ...

We have examined the convergence behavior of the LSCMA in some simple environments. Algorithms such as Multi¬ Target CMA, Multistage CMA, and Iterative Least Squares with Projection can be used for this purpose. The results presented here can form a basis for analysis of these multi-signal extraction techniques. Clearly, the variance and distribution of output SINR obtained with the LSCMA is al...

Non-linear effects occurring in photothermal microscopes based on principle of photothermal radiometry are studied as a hnction of the laser power and of the modulation frequency. For stainless steel, a second harmonic component of up to 11 % of the hndamental amplitude is found. Phase shifts of up to 20 degrees are observed as a hnction of the modulation frequency. The nonlinearity is mainly d...