If the EKC holds, we might be tempted to make an even stronger statement: growthpromoting policies in less developed countries (LDCs) cause incomes to rise and are thus environmentally friendly. We do not need to bother negotiating with developing countries to reduce emissions. Let LDCs develop, and they will eventually solve their own environmental problems, even if in the short run pollution ...

The latest wave of globalization, which includes European integration processes, has brought about new challenges to the processes of democratization. Among the key problems is the evolving power of both governments and the supranational financial and economic power centers, including intergovernmental organizations such as the World Bank, IMF and OECD. In this article, we will examine the tren...

In spite of many challenges faced by the Baltic States during the recent economic and nancial crisis, their progress since independence in 1991 has been remarkable. In about two decades those countries have been transformed from being centrally planned economies and part of the former Soviet Union, into modern countries that are rmly integrated into the global economy. Since the independence ...

This paper examines the state of industry in the Third World during the 1980s in a longer term perspective and comments on a range of analytical and policy issues connected with its future development. Two main questions are addressed: In what ways and to what extent has Third World industrialization been affected by the post-1979 world economic crisis? What factors account for the widely diver...

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is known to enhance beef palatability and can be markedly increased by castration. However, there is little understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the IMF deposition after castration of beef cattle. We hypothesize that genetic regulators function differently in IMF from bulls and steers. Therefore, after detecting serum testosterone and lipid parameter, as w...

Abstract The Mozambican state has had a long history of cash transfer programme dating back to 1992. It targeted primarily the elderly, in move protect these and their families from extreme poverty. After urban riots broke out 2008 against cuts fuel subsidies general unhappiness with outcomes structural adjustments 1990s, International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations (UN), World Bank analys...

This paper investigates the impact of international trade on economic growth Kenya by using autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) approach with long-run and short-run coefficients, bound tests, an error correction model. The study further adopts significant exchange rate, export, import, gross domestic product (GDP) effects Kenyan growth. augmented dickey Fuller (ADF) test for unit root ...

This study explores the economic factors of foreign direct investment (FDI) from China to Europe. By drawing data over 8 years and dataset International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank (WB), we found that Chinese FDI outflows Europe are driven by recipient country's fundamentals (trade openness, resource, institutional quality, growth). These findings confirm current literature while asserting c...

this paper proposes a structural model for the analysis of correlation between knowledge economy index and sustainable development across the world. an analytical model is devised for investigation of the role of the major factors in the process of development. the proposed structural model is calibrated using statistical data from the world bank, and the united nations for national economies a...