Gasoline “divorcement” regulations restrict the integration of gasoline refiners and retailers. Theoretically, vertical integration can harm competition, making it possible that divorcement policies could increase welfare; alternatively, these policies may reduce welfare by sacrificing efficiencies. This paper attempts to differentiate between these possibilities by estimating a reduced form eq...

OBJECTIVE Both sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa are typically delivered vertically, operating parallel to national health systems. The objective of this study was to map the evidence on national and international strategies for integration of SRH and HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa and to develop a research agenda for future health systems ...

publicpolicies are the functions of the political systems for the national sovereignty. governments govern national wills under public policies. if the legislative version of these public policies be provided upon the scientific and political considerations it still remains useless unless it could pass the implementation stage successfully. the implementation of the public policies is the main ...

While the horror of the Nazi medical experiments has been unanimously acknowledged, debate continues over whether results of those experiments which are scientifically sound should be used and cited in publications and, by extension, over whether any ethically-suspect research should be cited or published. The author consulted persons in such diverse disciplines as medical journalism, Holocaus...

This article traces significant moments in the history of the magazine Saúde em Debate - sourcing references and information from documents, historical studies, editions of the magazine, academic work and interviews with physicians and writers who contributed to its creation. In its 39 years of existence, although there may have been variations in the magazine's editorial policy, its role as a ...

Electricity Market Coupling is spreading all around the world; however, its potential benefits and drawbacks are still open to debate, and regions like the European Union advance quite slowly towards integration. There is no agreement in terms of what are the right policies to implement in order to acquire the benefits of integration without putting reliability at risk, and most countries conti...