Policy instruments at least partly intended to promote mixed tenure include the Right to Buy, other low-cost home ownership schemes, aspects of estate and urban regeneration policy and the use of the planning system. While it might seen that 'tenure diversification' and 'mixed tenure' are euphemisms for breaking up social housing estates and reducing the total stock of social housing, the opera...

In modern urban society, house has become rare resource. Under space of city limited, house resource in short situation, its distribution inevitably causes a variety of social conflict and inequitable problems. There are three housing problems closely linked with urbanization course, as the ubiquitous economic social concern of countries all over the world. First, the shortage of the quantity o...

car-following models are among the most important components of micro traffic flow simulation which is studiedby transportation experts to evaluate new applications of intelligent transportation systems. until now, several carfollowingmodels have been proposed. an obvious disadvantage of the former models is the great number of parameterswhich are difficult to calibrate. in this paper, a car-fo...

Housing reform has been a key component in China's economic revitalization program initiated by the late paramount leader Deng Xiaoping since 1978. By reforming the welfare housing system, the Chinese government aims at the removal of a burden (i.e., welfare housing) from state finance. At the same time, housing reform will stimulate changes in consumption, investment, and related industrial se...

This paper aims to understand residential mobility in non-market economies by conducting a case study of Chinese cities, a socialist society in transition. It is argued that residential mobility in China is mainly triggered by changes in housing supply and housing qualification, both of which are determined by housing policies. Using a retrospective survey (1949–94) in 20 Chinese cities, it was...

This article will introduce a robust vision system which was implemented on a mobile manipulator. This robot has to find objects and deliver them to pre specified locations. In the first stage, a method which is named color adjacency method was employed. However, this method needs a large amount of memory and the process is very slow on computers with small memories. Therefore since the previou...

This paper is aimed at presenting a new virtual camera model which can ef!ciently model refraction through "at housings in underwater photography. The key idea is to employ a pixel-wise virtual focal length concept to encode the refractive projection inside the "at housing. The radiallysymmetric structure of the varifocal length around the normal of the housing surface allows us to encode the r...