High-density oligonucleotide arrays can be used to rapidly examine large amounts of DNA sequence in a high throughput manner. An array designed to determine the specific nucleotide sequence of 705 bp of the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis accurately detected rifampin resistance associated with mutations of 44 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The nucleotide sequence diversity in 121...

Phylogenetic relationships among genera of tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) were reconstructed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal repeat. Newly generated sequences were combined with those available from previous generic level studies to assess the current circumscription of the tribe, monophyly of some of the larger g...

Many researchers consider the use of different probes for hybridization assays as suitable for studying the genetic diversity of nitrogen fixing bacteria. In this study for asessing genetic diversity among Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolates, two different probes (sucA and topA) chosen from the chromosomal genome of Bradyrhizobium strain USDA 110 were designed, evaluated by DNAMAN software and im...

The integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) is usually modeled by a Galilean or rotationally invariant Hamiltonian. These are not generic symmetries for electrons moving in a crystal background and can potentially confuse non-topological quantities with topological ones and identify otherwise distinct geometrical properties. In this thesis we present a generic theory for the IQHE. First we show that...

introduction: to evaluate the reliability, validity and feasibility of the persian version of the pediatric quality of life inventory (pedsql™ 4.0tm 4.0) generic core scales in iranian healthy students ages 7-15 and chronically ill children ages 2-18. methods: we followed the translation methodology proposed by developer to validate persian version of pedsql™ 4.0tm 4.0 generic core scales for c...

Inter-specific hybrids are a useful source for increasing genetic diversity. Some reproductive barriers before and/or after fertilization prevent production of hybrid plants by inter-specific crossing. Therefore, techniques to overcome the reproductive barrier have been developed, and have contributed to hybridization breeding. In recent studies, identification of molecules involved in plant re...

In this paper, we adopt the more and more accepted view that future inter-networks will consist of a rich and diverse collection of networks with multiple and potentially incompatible namespaces. In contrast to today’s Internet, there would not exist a single global namespace federating all the networks. The main design challenge in such a catenet is to offer global connectivity over a heteroge...

this descriptive correlational research sought to examine generic competencies required for university graduates from the points of view of agricultural engineers and mangers in kermanshah province. the study concentrated on the population of public agricultural managers (n= 130) as well as agricultural engineers (who were members of agricultural engineering system organization) in kermanshah p...

The hypothesis that the evolution of humans involved hybridization between diverged species has been actively debated in recent years. We present novel evidence in support of this hypothesis: the analysis of nuclear pseudogenes of mtDNA (“NUMTs”). NUMTs are considered “mtDNA fossils”, as they preserve sequences of ancient mtDNA and thus carry unique information about ancestral populations. Our ...