My understanding is that “reflections” can cover a multitude of sins. I have previously written a brief history of my career, and do not want to duplicate that exposition (1). Instead, this “reflection” will trace a primary focus of my laboratory for many decades, namely how do enzymes achieve their remarkable catalytic efficiency? (Indeed this has been a focal point of the field of biochemistr...

The language of folklore is peculiar. It has distinctive features at each linguistic and structural level. grammar works oral also its specifics. vocabulary the should have an expressive direction. vocabulary, or register part dictionary, must contain grammatical information about word. almost impossible to provide all a lexeme entered into dictionary register. Compilers lexicographical always ...

Welfare Economics is fortunate that there are two Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics. Positive Economics on the other hand is seemingly endowed with none. One of the fundamental results of Positive Economics is that a competitive equilibrium exists under fairly general conditions; this then may be called the First Fundamental Theorem of Positive Economics (FFTPE). The existing results on...

Introduction Dysfunction in the basal ganglia circuits is a determining factor in the physiopathology of the classic signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypokinetic dysarthria is commonly related to PD. Regarding speech disorders associated with PD, the latest four-level framework of speech complicates the traditional view of dysarthria as a motor execution disorder. Based on findings that dy...

This paper examines embodied procedures for producing disagreement turns in the midst of the children’s game of hopscotch. Turn shape, intonation, and body positioning are all critical to the construction of stance towards a player’s move in the game. In particular, in formulating a player’s move as ‘‘out’’ foul calls can state unambiguously, without doubt or delay that a violation has occurred...

The language of Sergei Yesenin’s prose is still poorly studied. article aims to analyze individual authorial formations extracted by the method continuous sampling from story Yar, short “Bobyl and Druzhok” novella At White Water. main methods analysis were descriptive, component, contextual ones. As a result study, we identified lexemes, bilexemes phraseological units. We recorded occasional na...

Filled pauses are generally seen as disfluency. Showing that they can play a positive role in computer generated speech is the purpose of this paper. Details about the causes, variation in pronunciation and syntactic location are acquired through a corpus analysis. This knowledge is then used in an experiment conducted to test positive effects of filled pauses in computer generated speech on li...

A striking property of the human parser is its efficiency and robustness. For the vast majority of sentences, the parser will effortlessly and rapidly deliver the correct analysis. In doing so, it is robust to noise, i.e., it can provide an analysis even if the input is distorted, e.g., by ungrammaticalities. Furthermore, the human parser achieves broad coverage: it deals with a wide variety of...

A new concept of formality of linguistic expressions is introduced and argued to be the most important dimension of variation between styles or registers. Formality is subdivided into "deep" formality and "surface" formality. Deep formality is defined as avoidance of ambiguity by minimizing the context-dependence and fuzziness of expressions. This is achieved by explicit and precise description...