This study examines how the United States affiliates with multipartite international organizations, not only by treaty, but also executive agreement process. It these processes as a legal/political feature of executive-legislative relations, involving nearly 150 organizations which has been affiliated since 1945. With few exceptions, Congress cooperated President in developing variety technique...

Large-scale data analysis is an important activity in many organizations that typically requires the deployment of data-intensive workflows. As data is processed these workflows generate large intermediate results, which are typically pipelined from one operator to the following. However, if materialized, these results become reusable, hence, subsequent workflows need not recompute them. There ...

The lambda calculus has frequently been used as an intermediate representation for programming languages, particularly for functional programming language systems. We introduce two simple extensions to the lambda calculus that describe potentially parallel computations. These extensions permit us to use the lambda calculus as an intermediate form for languages that operate on large data items a...

Hadoop is a successful open-source implementation of MapReduce programming model. It has been widely adopted by many leading industry companies for big data analytics. However, its intermediate data shuffling is a timeconsuming operation that impacts the total execution time of MapReduce programs. Recently, a growing number of organizations are interested in addressing this issue by leveraging ...