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A new concept in the therapy of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases is discussed in this article. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves light activation, in the presence of molecular oxygen, of certain dyes that are taken up by the target tissue. These dyes are termed photosensitizers. The mechanism of interaction of the photosensitizers and light is discussed, along with the effects prod...

This study compares the EPID dosimetry algorithms of two commercial systems for pretreatment QA, and analyzes dosimetric measurements made with each system alongside the results obtained with a standard diode array. 126 IMRT fields are examined with both EPID dosimetry systems (EPIDose by Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne FL, and Portal Dosimetry by Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto CA) and th...

In this study, a 4D dosimetry concept was developed. This concept included a method for calculation of 3D reference absorbed dose matrices at every control point of the delivery using a clinical treatment planning system (TPS). Further, the gamma evaluation method was extended to incorporate the 4 dimension of the TPS calculated dose distributions. The applications of the 4D dosimetry concept o...

Fricke gel dosimetry is a valuable method for in-phantom dose measurements in complex irradiation modalities like IMRT and BNCT. Implementation of this dosimetry technique requires dedicated instruments capable of measuring and further analysis immediately in situ at the radiation facility. This work presents a novel and integral dosimetry system aimed to attain portability requirements. The me...

Radiation dosimetry is fundamental in Medical Physics, involving patients and phantom dosimetry. In both cases thennoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) is the most appropriate technique for measuring the absorbed dose. In this paper thennoluminescence phenomenon as well as the use of TLD in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy for in vivo or in phantom measurements is discussed. Some results of measuremen...

A technique was developed to extending the methodology of analytical estimations absorbed fractions case spherical bio-objects composed from various materials. The internal source exposure emitter monoenergetic photons or electrons uniformly distributed throughout object’s volume. Analytical results were tested, using published sets Monte Carlo data on spheres bone tissues, lung soft muscle tis...

Large amounts of tritium may be used and may become a source of significant tritium release into the environment . The estimation of the accumulated dose in the human body due to tritium intake is an important subject for the protection of humans from the radiation hazard caused by internally deposited tritium. In mammals exposed to free water tritium, tritium dosimetry can be conveniently achi...

In spite of considerable progress, much remains to be done in the estimation of absorbed doses to organs and tissues in the body and in the prediction of biological effects from radiopharmaceuticals. In patients undergoing diagnostic procedures, the biokinetics of the radionuclide has to be determined for a number of representative patients. When radiopharmaceuticals are used for therapy, it is...

The main detectors used for clinical dosimetry are ionisation chambers and semiconductors. Thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters are also of interest because of their following advantages: i) wide useful dose range, ii) small physical size, iii) no need for high voltage or cables, i.e. stand alone character, and iv) tissue equivalence (LiF) for most radiation types. TL detectors can particularly be...