OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of the internalized stigmatization on bipolar disorder (BD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 100 BD patients that provided written informed consent to participate. Diagnosis of the BD patients that were in remission and receiving outpatient treatment was performed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I D...

.......................................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 1 The Present Study ................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 2: LITE...

Internalized stigma refers to the process by which individuals with mental illness apply negative stereotypes to themselves, expect to be rejected by others, and feel alienated from society. Though internalized stigma has been hypothesized to be associated with maladaptive cognitions and expectations of failure, this relationship with dysfunctional attitudes has not been fully examined. In the ...

The present study examines whether the effect of involvement with delinquent friends on young people’s criminal activity is contingent adolescents’ personal morality and their capacity for self-control how these enduring properties work together in determining youths’ vulnerability to peer influence. corresponding person–environment interactions are tested based a longitudinal student survey fr...

The origin and development of consciousness is poorly understood. Although it is clearly a naturalistic phenomenon evolved through Darwinian evolution, explaining it in terms of physicochemical, neural, or symbolic mechanisms remains elusive. Here I propose that two steps had to be taken in its evolution. First, living systems evolved an intrinsic goal-directedness by internalizing Darwinian fi...