"Public legal information from all countries and international institutions is part of the common heritage of humanity. Maximizing access to this information promotes justice and the rule of law". In accordance with the aforementioned declaration on Free Access to Law by Legal information institutes of the world, a plethora of legal information is available through the Internet, while the provi...

Firms face a choice in the organization of production. By concentrating production at one site, they can enjoy economies of scale. Or, by dispersing production across multiple facilities, firms can benefit from product-specific efficiencies and enhanced organizational learning. When choosing to organize in multiple units, firms must also decide where to locate these units. Concentrating product...

This paper develops a general equilibrium model of international trade in homogenous intermediate inputs. In the model, trade between countries is driven by uncertainty in the delivery of inputs. Because their managers are risk-averse, final good firms contract with multiple suppliers to decrease the variability of their profits. The analysis shows that risk diversification provides an incentiv...

Despite the great deal of previous research into international diversification, we know little about impact diversification on firms’ credit scores. Drawing upon resource-based view and transaction cost economics, examine relationship between scores by using a large sample 6,557 UK firms 2016 2017. We find an inverted U-shaped scores, indicating that effect is initially positive but becomes neg...

Multinational enterprises consider many factors when making decisions in the context of foreign direct investment (FDI). In deciding what to produce, the multinational enterprise (MNE) must decide whether to diversify or to concentration on its main line of business. This paper offers insights into influences on this choice, and identifies a number of conditions under which diversification is m...

ISHS XXXI International Horticultural Congress (IHC2022): Symposium on Urban Horticulture for Sustainable Food Security (UrbanFood2022) Diversification of large-scale cereal farms through vegetables in the Paris city-region: strategies and needs

This paper compares the effects of exchange rate movements on the risk/return characteristics of direct investment property assets for non-domestic investors with particular emphasis on economic and translation risk. The correspondence between four property markets (US, UK, Canada, and Australia) and the appropriate exchange rates are examined in order to analyse the pattern and temporal stabil...