export is an important factor in economic development and the creation of regional agreements is one of the ways to facilitate trade and exports; but measuring the success rate of these agreements is one of the challenges of this field. in this study, we compared the factors affecting agricultural exports and imports in the eco and european :union: countries. the purpose of this study was to as...

The challenge for any trade agreement is to be adaptable enough to enable countries to address legitimate non-trade concerns (NTC) while being restrictive enough to limit harm to other countries and to assist the creation of free international markets. In this paper, we focus on how environmental NTC have been addressed in agricultural policy in the USA and the European Union (EU) and the resul...

This paper examines the impact of reciprocal trade liberalization on collusive conduct between domestic and foreign firms interacting in several markets. In our benchmark model, which deals with a symmetric homogenous-goods oligopoly, we show that in the absence of trade barriers an efficient collusive agreement involves equal division of the market in each country. When trade costs are introdu...

The purpose of this paper to identify and analyze the effects of existing trade networks on bilateral trade volumes in the Western Hemisphere using two empirical specifications of the gravity model of international trade. The evidence suggests the trade behavior within the Western Hemisphere is highly influenced by relationships resulting from different types of linkages (i.e., networks). These...

This paper begins to explore the determinants of the topological properties of the international-trade network (ITN). We fit bilateral-trade flows using a standard gravity equation to build a " residual " ITN where trade-link weights are depurated from geographical distance, size, border effects, trade agreements, and so on. We then compare the topological properties of the original and residua...

I provide a novel dynamic model with private provision of public bads and investments in technologies. The analysis is tractable and the MPE unique. By adding incomplete contracts, I derive implications of and for international climate treaties. While the non-cooperative equilibrium is bad, short-term agreements are worse due to hold-up problems. A long-term agreement should be more ambitious i...

Using a multi-sector multi-country computable general equilibrium model, we examine Chile’s “additive regionalism” strategy of negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with all of its significant trading partners. Chile’s agreements with “Northern” partners provide sufficient market access to overcome trade diversion costs for Chile. By lowering its tariff from eleven to six percent, Chile i...

In the literature of new trade theory, most studies have dealt with industrial location by imposing an assumption of free transportation in the agricultural sector. We explicitly incorporate arbitrary transport costs in both the manufacturing and agricultural sectors into the Helpman-Krugman-Davis model of two countries and one production factor. The following results are obtained. First, we fi...

International environmental agreements address global problems such as the decline in biodiversity. The Convention on Trade Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates international trade wildlife to prevent its decline. Discussions about CITES’ effectiveness abound, but evidence is lacking. We combine largest available panel database populations with history countries’ members...