The article depicts the situation before Cold War in which developing countries (DCs) and least Developed countries (LDCs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of GATT . Therefore, they resorted to UNCTAD  as the sole defender of their interests against Developed Countries in trade negotiations. UNCTAD has ...

This paper elaborates on the government's powers - both at the domestic level and over foreign countries. The domestic power is the power against domestic lobbies, and the foreign one is the government's international power. To do so, this paper tries to evaluate the effects of these powers   on the formation of free trade agreements (FTAs). The theoretical framework follows an oligopolistic-po...

The International Comparison Program (ICP) is one of the largest economic and statistical exercises that has ever been carried out. Detailed price surveys have been carried out every five years or so, using standardised methods, enabling the calculation of the real quantities of goods and services that are purchased in each economy. A wealth of information has been generated on the price and qu...

* Ronald Koenig Term Assistant Professor of Legal Studies, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. A.B., Harvard University; J.D., LL.M. (foreign and international law), Duke University. 1 The World Trade Organization came into existence on January 1, 1995. It was the culmination of over seven years of multilateral trade negotiations known as the Uruguay Round. The Uruguay Round c...

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for a comprehensive new approach to development rooted in planetary boundaries, equity, and inclusivity. The wide scope of the SDGs will necessitate unprecedented integration of siloed policy portfolios to work at international, regional, and national levels toward multiple goals and mitigate the conflicts that arise from competing resource deman...

José Antonio Alonso is Director of the Complutense Institute for International Studies and Professor of Applied Economics at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. He is a member of the Committee for Development Policy at the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and his main research areas focus on growth and the external sector, trade specialization development policies and internationa...

In this paper, we discuss the design of carbon dioxide (CO2) taxes at the domestic and international level and the choice of taxes versus a cap-and-trade system. A strong case can be made for taxes on uncertainty, fiscal, and distributional grounds, though this critically hinges on policy specifics and how revenues are used. The efficient near-term tax is at least $5–$20 per ton of CO2 and the ...

How do intellectual property rights (IPR) policies a¤ect international trade? In this paper we consider two of the central results from the model of Lin (2013) (i) that IPR reforms should expand the range of goods exported to a country through the extensive margin of trade and (ii) …rms with more newly developed products should be more sensitive to IPR policies than other innovative …rms. Build...

From the perspective of new growth models and new international trade theories, both exports and imports play an important role in a dynamic economy. Economically, we cannot merely emphasize on a positive trade balance and we ignore the benefits of imports, and also we cannot advise negative trade balance. But the main concern of policy makers about international trade should be making stabilit...