In order to observe histological changes in the extruded and sequestrated intervertebral disc, we conducted pathological and immunological examinations of herniated disc materials taken at the time of discectomy. There were 49 disc materials (from 38 men and 10 women [aged 19 to 78 years; average, 36.6 years]). The herniation was classified into four types, based on the intraoperative observati...

Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is an important pathology in humans and also in dogs. While the molecular disease mechanisms are well investigated in humans, little is known about the inflammatory mediators in naturally occurring canine IVDH. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the involved proinflammatory cytokines in human IVDH are also key cytokines in canine IVDH an...

  Background: Literature recommends that refractory cases with lumbar disc herniation and appropriate indications are better to be treated surgically, but do all the patients throughout the world consent to the surgery with a same disability and pain threshold? We aim to elucidate the prevalence and severity of disabilities and pain in Iranian patients with lumbar disc herniation who have conse...

Lumbar disc hernia (LDH) is a common cause of low back pain and radicular leg pain. It is well known that the majority of LDH patients recover spontaneously. Since the advent of MRI, a spontaneous regression of fragment size of disc hernia occurs, as well as mitigation of subjective difficulties and neurological disorders. Therefore, surgical treatment is not always method of choice in this dis...

some eight months previously. It was of a fairly severe nature making it impossible to carry on his duties as a policeman or even to walk about without pain. There was a history of an injury two years previously when he fell from a bicycle and injured his ankle. He did not remember any injury to his spine at the same time. Various types of treatment had been given to the patient for sciatica, s...

background & aim: low back pain is the most debilitating condition, and can lead to decreased physical function, compromised quality of life, and psychological distress. several studies has conducted to recognize the risk factors of lbp, but despite of strong relationship between obesity and lbp, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship betwe...

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease and lumbar discectomy is the most common surgical procedure carried out for patients with low back pain and leg symptoms. Although most researchers are focusing on the surgical techniques during operation, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of local intervertebral lavage during microdiscectomy.In this retrospective study, 410 patient...

Lateral disc herniation (foraminal and extra foraminal) has clinical characteristics that are different from those of medial disc herniation (central and subarticular), including older age, more frequent radicular pain, and neurologic deficits. This is supposedly because lateral disc herniation mechanically irritates or compresses the exiting nerve root or dorsal root ganglion inside of a narro...