de Gardelle and Summerfield (1) claimed that, when judging the mean of a set of stimuli, it is optimal to downweight outliers, and that human subjects follow this robust averaging strategy. Here, we show that, in their task, the optimal observer would equally weight all observations. In ref. 1, subjects were presented with a set of eight colors that are denoted by a vector x = (x 1 ,. . ., x 8)...

Arterioles on the surface of the mouse brain were observed by in vivo TV microscopy. Four dilators were topically applied to relax the vessels in vivo. Two of the dilators were acetylcholine and bradykinin, whose action in this vascular bed is dependent upon production of endothelium-dependent relaxing factors. The other two dilators were sodium nitroprusside and 8-bromo-cGMP, whose action is n...

We investigated several sensory and cognitive determinants of colour constancy across 40 illumination hues. In the first experiment, we measured colour naming for the illumination and for the colour induced by the illumination on the colorimetric grey. Results confirmed that the induced colours are approximately complementary to the colour of the illumination. In the second experiment, we measu...

A 53-year-old-man with prostate cancer underwent prostate brachytherapy one month ago. Since then, he has experienced increased urinary frequency, dysuria, perineal discomfort, reduced urinary stream velocity, and nocturia. The patient was prescribed the following medications to relieve his urinary frequency and dysuria: sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, tamsulosin, methylprednisolo...