Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is synthesized in tissues involved in fatty acid metabolism such as muscle and adipose tissue. LPL is also found in the circulation, but is mostly lipolytically inactive. The proportion of active circulating LPL increases after a fatty meal. We investigated the release of active and inactive LPL from adipose tissue and muscle in the fasting and postprandial states. Arte...

Here we assessed how intake reductions induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) occur within and across access periods by examining drinking microstructure. After training, RYGB (n = 8-10) or sham-operated (SHAM, n = 12) rats were given 60-min access first to 0.3 M sucrose, then to 5% Intralipid, and finally to milk-chocolate Ensure Plus across 5 days each. Initially, total licks take...

Triglyceride (TG) enrichment of HDL resulting from cholesteryl ester transfer protein-mediated exchange with TG-rich lipoproteins may enhance the lipolytic transformation and subsequent metabolic clearance of HDL particles in hypertriglyceridemic states. The present study investigates the effect of TG enrichment of HDL on the clearance of HDL-associated apo A-I in humans. HDL was isolated from ...

Dyslipidaemia, with elevations of circulating triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and non-esterified (free) fatty acids, and hyperinsulinaemia are often found in the same subjects, the so-called 'insulin resistance syndrome'. The present study aims to investigate how elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids, hyperinsulinaemia and the combination of these factors affects endothelium-dependent ...

In 2 infants who had received Intralipid fat emulsion as part of a total parenteral hyperalimentation regimen, a pigmented material was deposited in the macrophages of their reticuloendothelial systems. The histochemical characteristics of this pigment were similar to those seen after experimental infusion of fat emulsions. The possible implications of this finding and its effect on host resist...

BACKGROUND Hepatic lipoprotein production has been shown previously to be regulated by free fatty acid (FFA) flux to the liver, whereas intestinal lipoprotein production is stimulated mainly by ingested fat absorbed from the intestinal lumen. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal lipoprotein production is increased in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, conditions that are as...

BACKGROUND Myocardial energy metabolism is a strong predictor of postoperative cardiac function. This study profiled the metabolites and metabolic changes in the myocardium exposed to sevoflurane, propofol, and Intralipid and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Sevoflurane (2 vol%) and propofol (10 and 100 microM) in the formulation of 1% Diprivan (AstraZeneca Inc., Miss...

BACKGROUND Limb ischemia/reperfusion causes inflammation and elicits oxidative stress that may lead to local tissue damage and remote organ such as lung injury. This study investigates pulmonary function after limb ischemia/reperfusion and the protective effect of a lipid emulsion (Intralipid). METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (group S), ischemia/r...

Background: Obesity is characterized by impaired fat oxidation, and, therefore, the development of therapeutics designed to enhance fat oxidation for treating obesity is a growing focus in drug discovery. Evaluating such agents, however, is challenging in a clinical setting; requisite overnight fasting prior to a study visit increases whole body fat oxidation in lean, healthy subjects, making i...

Starvation and experimental diabetes induce a stable increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activity in skeletal muscle, which is largely due to a selective upregulation of PDK4 expression. Increased free fatty acid (FFA) level has been suggested to be responsible for the upregulation. Since these metabolic states are also characterized by insulin deficiency, the present study was desi...