The foundation for adult health is laid in utero and requires a healthy placenta. A common manifestation of abnormal placental development is impaired fetal growth. While placental pathology is the final common denominator in many cases of fetal growth restriction, a variety of discreet lesions have been described involving both the maternal and fetal circulations at their confluence in the pla...

BACKGROUND Abnormal blood flow in a fetus small for gestational age indicates true fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We tested the hypothesis that IUGR with abnormal fetal blood flow is associated with long-term abnormal vascular morphology and function in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective study, vascular mechanical properties of the common carotid artery (CCA), ab...

Some, albeit not all studies on the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and female pubertal development have found an earlier and rapidly progressing puberty as well as concomitant disorders of related functional systems such as polycystic ovary syndrome and short stature. These pubertal changes are part of a growing list of IUGR-related diseases, which includes non-insu...

Rationale Birthweight is one of the most sensitive – and also one of the most important – measures of the well-being of children. Weight at birth is directly influenced by the general level of health status of the mother. In developing countries, especially, maternal nutrition is one of the most important determinants of birthweight. Three aspects are of particular importance: inadequate matern...

Objective: To find out the role of micronutrients in intrauterine growth restrictions. Methodology. Desktop review of articles from the year 1986 till 2005 March using key words, Micronutrients AND Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Results: 13.7 million infants are born annually with fetal growth restriction (IUGR) comprising 11% of all births in developing countries affecting up to 40% in some ...

BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the second leading contributor to the prevailing perinatal mortality and morbidity. It affects 23.8% of newborns around the world and 75% of these affected infants are born in Asia. In Pakistan the incidence of IUGR is around 25%, more than the WHO criteria for triggering a public health action. INTRODUCTION IUGR is implicated with profound...

Management of intrauterine growth retardation is an important issue in obstetric practice. Since the introduction of Doppler ultrasonography, the problems associated with screening, diagnosing, monitoring, and identifying foetuses at risk have decreased in recent years. Owing to the use of Doppler ultrasonography, there is now a trend towards early delivery.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exi...