conclusions students are considered one of the most vulnerable groups of society. the students living in dormitories are more vulnerable to drug abuse due to the lack of parental supervision and the impact of peer pressure. therefore, localization of acceptance at universities in order to prevent cultural mixing of students and education programs for teaching life skills to students efficiently...

introduction: post dural puncture headache is still a common complication among young women undergone cesarean section, although use of small size spinal needles reduced its prevalence. several methods have been suggested for prevention and treatment of this side effect; such as complete bed rest, hydration, non-opioid analgesics, caffeine, codeine, which none of them proved to be totally effec...

introduction: intravenous drug users as a serious health problem in communities have economical and social effects as well as health and hygienic complications. viral infections may be transmitted through drug injection by shared syringes among users. the aim of this study has been to determine the relative frequency of hbv, hcv and hiv infection’s markers as epidemiological data in ahvaz. mate...

To the Editor: In a recent article in JAAD Case Reports, Haskin and colleagues implicate krokodil as the cause of skin lesions in a young woman with ongoing intravenous drug abuse. The only evidence supporting krokodil as the cause is the history from the patient. With no analytical confirmation, either from bodily fluids from the patient or from the injected substance, it is difficult to accep...

Leanne Cook is Vascular Specialist at Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust and Lecturer Practitioner at the University of Huddersfield; Karen Jordon is Lead Well-being Nurse, Wakefield Integrated Substance Misuse Service, Wakefield Individuals with a history of intravenous (IV) drug abuse can develop a degree of venous insufficiency either through the damage of veins from the injection, or the formation of ...

abstract: genotyping of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is important for designing therapeutic strategies and regional specific diagnostic assays. the aim of this study was to identify the hcv genotypes in hcv infected blood donors. this is the first report on hcv genotypes in blood donors in iran. in this cross-sectional study, 103 blood donors with hepatitis c were investigated for hcv genotypes....

Introduction: The prevalence of substance use disorders is higher in patients receiving opioid analgesics, and pain management these more challenging. This study aimed to investigate the pattern analgesic drug administration evaluate associated factors. Method: cross-sectional was performed on 230 admitted General Hospital ( internal medicine, surgery, cancer wards). Result: most used morphine ...