The freshwater-marine transition that characterizes an estuarine system can provide multiple entry options for invading species, yet the relative importance of this gradient in determining the functional contribution of invading species has received little attention. The ecological consequences of species invasion are routinely evaluated within a freshwater versus marine context, even though ma...

Invasive species are nonindigenous species that are introduced into new environments, where they become established and expand their range [1]. They undergo rapid proliferation following the colonization of new habitats, often at the expense of native species, thus having a negative impact on biodiversity. The prospering discipline of invasion ecology seeks to understand why some species become...

background and objective: determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (ar) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. materials and methods: for this purpose, 55 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were examined using a monoclonal antibody against ar on for...

Lymphoma of the breast is unusual, and synchronous bilateral lymphoma and carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman who found a mass in her left breast. Ultrasound scan findings revealed nodules at the 2 o'clock position in her left breast and focal dilation of the duct at the 8-9 o'clock and 10 o'clock position in her right and left breasts, respecti...

BACKGROUND Resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-targeted therapies is common, and results in treatment failure and new tumor progression. C35 is over-expressed in many invasive breast cancer endogenously, and functions as an oncogene in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS The current study aims to investigate effects of C35 on cell viability and migration of HER2-positi...

AIMS To determine if allelic loss on chromosomes 16q and 17p, commonly encountered in in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas, is present in atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH); to determine whether ADH is a neoplastic (clonal) or hyperplastic (polyclonal) proliferation. METHODS Fourteen cases of ADH were examined for allele loss at loci on chromosome 16q and 17p using a microdissection techniqu...

CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry has an expanding role in mammary pathology that has been facilitated by a growing list of available antibodies and a better understanding of biology. OBJECTIVE To explore the key role of immunohistochemistry in guiding adjuvant therapy decisions and sentinel node staging in breast cancer, as well as the role of immunohistochemistry as an aid to distinguishing usua...