This article argues that under EU law, the and its Member States can withdraw from a multilateral agreement such as Energy Charter Treaty independently of one other. While loyalty obligations may require to coordinate their actions mixed closely, all withdraw. The autonomous nature law does not allow prevent taking decisions within competence. Similarly, European Court Justice maintains, are on...

Suatu penyelesaian sengketa pada perselisihan yang berhubungan dengan penanaman modal asing atau investasi, kerap diselesaikan melalui Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”). Salah satu ADR adalah arbitrase, baik nasional maupun internasional, seperti ICSID. Putusan Arbitrase Internasional ICSID memiliki sifat final dan binding mana tidak dimungkinkannya para pi...

relations between the third world countries in different parts of asia and africa during the 19th and 20th centuries, to a great extent, were influenced by the presence and policies of colonial powers. thus, for a better understanding of roots of disputes and issues existing between these countries concerning frontiers, disputed islands, political and prejudicial tensions, we need to study past...

We solve a portfolio selection problem of an investor with a deterministic savings plan who aims to have a target wealth value at retirement. The investor is an expected power utility-maximizer. The target wealth value is the maximum wealth that the investor can have at retirement. By constraining the investor to have no more than the target wealth at retirement, we find that the lower quantile...

Quality problems have long plagued the nursing home industry. While two-thirds of U.S. nursing homes are investor-owned, few studies have examined the impact of investor-ownership on the quality of care. The authors analyzed 1998 data from inspections of 13,693 nursing facilities representing virtually all U.S. nursing homes. They grouped deficiency citations issued by inspectors into three cat...

We study the portfolio selection problem of an investor who can optimally exert costly effort for more income. The possibility of generating more income, if necessary, increases the risk-taking appetite of the investor. We find the optimal allocation to the risky security as a proportion of financial wealth and as a proportion of the total wealth, defined as the combination of the financial wea...

Abstract In order to solve problems in investor and venture fund managers remuneration paid mechanism, the paper presents the asymmetric information games existing in construction mechanism through information economics viewpoints. The paper building investor and venture fund managers remuneration paid mechanism based on principalagent theory, remuneration excitement and risk constraints. The r...

We examine how a firm’s incentive to commit fraud when going public varies with investor beliefs about industry business conditions. Fraud propensity increases with the level of investor beliefs about industry prospects but decreases in the presence of extremely high beliefs. Evidence suggests that two mechanisms are at work: monitoring by investors, and short-term executive compensation, both ...

This research attempts to propose a new measure of investor psychological bias with big data crawled from the web. The author constructs the investor bias measure with web search data and investigate the influences of this new measure on crude oil futures prices. Using 225,250 data points from Google, this paper computes the investor bias, and evaluates it with trading volumes. The author estab...

We develop a model to illustrate that controlling shareholders choose the level of investor protection that maximizes their own interests. Controlling shareholders in companies with complicated control structures can easily extract private benefits and are thus reluctant to enhance investor protection which would necessitate increased transparency. In contrast, controlling shareholders in compa...