We have evaluated the electric characteristics of an organic surfactant material, n-Cethyl-trimethyl-ammonium Bromide (C16TAB) to fabricate the p-n homo-junction. This C16TAB was dissolved in the pure water, where the potassium iodide (KI) was added. The impurities adaptation has been processed in this mixed solution with the application of voltage. The KI is ionized in the water and the potass...

De-Ionized (DI) water is ubiquitous within the Fab. Purity and consistency of DI is critical to manufacturing process. Urea is a known contaminant that is difficult to control and has large seasonal fluctuations. Normally stable at room temperature, Urea has a high conversion rate to Ammonia when boiled. DI water is often converted to steam and then injected into cleanroom air to control humidi...

[1] In this paper we present Odin submillimeter radiometer (Odin/SMR) water vapor measurements in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere with focus on the polar latitudes in winter. Measurements since 2003 have been compiled to provide a first overview of the water vapor distribution in this altitude range. Our observations show a distinct seasonal increase of the water vapor concentration...

We examined ionized magnesium concentration by blood analysis in patients with hypertonia arterialis, ischemic heart diseases, both of them and in a control group. Slighty lower mean serum ionized magnesium concentration was found in the study group hypertonia arterialis when compared to the control group. In patients both group "B" with coronary artery diseases and group "C" with hypertonia ar...

We study dynamical processes following water dimer ionization. The nonadiabatic dynamical simulations of the water dimer radical cation are performed using a surface hopping technique and a Complete Active Space-Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) method for the description of electronic structure. The main goal of this study is to find out whether a state-dependent reactivity is observed for the wa...

Recently, the authors have shown that marked necrosis and fibrosis of myocardium were observed in rats given alkaline ionized water (AKW). To clarify the cause of myocardial lesions, the activities of myosin ATPase, actomyosin ATPase and creatine kinase (CK) in myocardium of rats given AKW at 15 weeks-old were compared with those in myocardium of rats given tap water (TPW). Furthermore, sodium ...

Background: Blood gas analysis (BGA), including measurement of ionized calcium, is performed routinely in patients with end stage renal disease on renal replacement therapy, especially when using citrate for regional anticoagulation. After installation of a new blood gas analyzer (RAPIDpoint 405; BGA), we observed lower ionized calcium concentrations in a few patients without signs of hypocalce...

The model is based on Mapleson's Model P for inhaled anaesthetics, but has compartments for lungs, peripheral shunt, kidneys, portal bed, liver, other viscera, muscle, other lean, fat, brain, i.m. injection site and for various blood "pools". Intracellular and extracellular fluids are represented separately in each compartment and in blood. In each fluid, four forms of the agent are distinguish...

The interaction of chemical dispersants and suspended sediments with crude oil influences the fate and transport of oil spills in coastal waters. A wave tank study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on the dispersion of oil and the formation of oil-mineral-aggregates (OMAs) in natural seawater. Results of ultraviolet spectrofluorometry and gas chr...

We have implemented a holographic system to study the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses with high temporal 150 fs and spatial resolutions 4 m . The phase information in the holograms allows us to reconstruct both positive and negative index changes due to the Kerr nonlinearity positive and plasma formation negative , and to reconstruct three-dimensional structure. Dramatic differences wer...