[1] A sudden southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is simulated by the University of Michigan’s BATS-R-US model. The main goal of this study is to determine the time delay as well as physical processes between when an IMF discontinuity reaches the bow shock, when reconnection is initiated at the magnetopause, and when the ionosphere starts to react. While observations or empi...

This short report describes some recent results of global electric circuit investigations. The experimental foundation of global electric circuit conception is discussed. The main origins of global electric circuit formation are examined. The electrodynamical properties of fair-weather electricity are characterized with standpoint of universal spectra and aeroelectrical structure availability. ...

Saturn’s magnetic field is remarkably axisymmetric. Its dipole axis is inclined by less than 0.2 with respect to its rotation axis. Early evidence for nonaxisymmetry came from the periodicity of Saturn’s kilometric radio bursts (SKR). Subsequently, percent variations of the SKR period were found to occur on timescales of years. A recent breakthrough has been the direct detection of a nonaxisymm...

As our civilization becomes more dependent on space based technologies, we become more vulnerable to conditions in space weather. Accurate space weather specification and forecasting require proper modeling which account for the coupling between the sun, the magnetosphere, the thermosphere, the ionosphere and the mesosphere. In spite of the tremendous advances that have been made in understandi...

-This study is a preliminary analysis of the accuracy of various ionosphere models to correct single frequency altimeter height measurements for ionospheric path delay. In particular, research focused on adjusting empir/cal and parameterized ionosphere models in the parameterized real-time ionospheric specification modal (PRISM) 1.2 using total electron content (TEC) data from the global positi...

The Cassini spacecraft has been in orbit around Saturn since 30 June 2004, yielding a wealth of data about the Saturn system. This review focuses on the atmosphere and magnetosphere and briefly outlines the state of our knowledge after the Cassini prime mission. The mission has addressed a host of fundamental questions: What processes control the physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphe...

Photochemically produced aerosols are common among the atmospheres of our solar system and beyond. Observations and models have shown that photochemical aerosols have direct consequences on atmospheric properties as well as important astrobiological ramifications, but the mechanisms involved in their formation remain unclear. Here we show that the formation of aerosols in Titan's upper atmosphe...

Observations at radio wavelengths address key problems in astrophysics, astrobiology, and lunar structure including the first light in the Universe (the Epoch of Reionization), the presence of magnetic fields around extrasolar planets, particle acceleration mechanisms, and the structure of the lunar ionosphere. Moreover, achieving the performance needed to address these scientific questions dem...

Ionospheric Effects on Network-RTK A part of the atmosphere is ionized by the UV radiation from the Sun. This part is often referred to as the ionosphere. The resulting free electrons influence the GNSS signals as they propagate through the ionosphere. We have studied how the spatial variations of electron density in the ionosphere affect measurements with network-RTK. The aim is to predict wha...

A realistic fully time-dependent computer model, denominated LION (Low-latitude Ionospheric) model, that simulates the dynamic behavior of the low-latitude ionosphere is presented. The time evolution and spatial distribution of the ionospheric particle densities and velocities are computed by numerically solving the time-dependent, coupled, nonlinear system of continuity and momentum equations ...