The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is a global economic pest of brassicas whose pest status has been exacerbated by climate change and variability. Southern African small-scale farmers are battling to cope with increasing pressure from the pest due to limited exposure to sustainable control options. The current paper critically analysed literature with a climate change and sustain...

There are five discernible phases in the evolution of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programme for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in Malaysia, namely: 1) Initial phase; 2) Intensification phase; 3) Crisis phase; 4) Disaster phase; and 5) IPM phase. This outline enables an understanding of the genesis of a farmer first approach to IPM. All five p...

The Liquid Drop Models (LDM) and the Independent Particle Models (IPM) have been known to provide two conflicting pictures of the nucleus. The IPM being quantum mechanical, is believed to provide a fundamental picture of the nucleus and hence has been focus of the still elusive unified theory of the nucleus. It is believed that the LDM at best is an effective and limited model of the nucleus. H...

The Theme: Due to environmental and energy concerns, electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are gaining increased attention. At the heart of the drive system of these vehicles is the electric machine and drive. For these applications, high power density, high torque density, wide speed range, and efficiency are of primary importance. To meet these demands, interior permanen...

BACKGROUND Farmers are faced with a wide range of pest management (PM) options that can be adopted in isolation or alongside complementary or substitute strategies. This paper presents the results of a survey of UK cereal producers, focusing on the character and diversity of PM strategies currently used by, or available to, farmers. In addition, the survey asked various questions pertaining to ...

To identify soluble proteins of the retinal interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), we isolated IPM from the bovine eye by gentle lavage and subjected it to SDS-PAGE. In the resultant gel, a 46 kDa band was particularly prominent and appeared to be a single protein. This protein was electroblotted to nitrocellulose membrane, digested with trypsin, and selected peptides were isolated by HPLC and subjec...

PURPOSE To characterize the genomic organization of human IMPG2, the gene encoding the retinal interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) proteoglycan IPM 200, to evaluate its relationship to IPM 150, and to evaluate its involvement in inherited retinopathies, such as age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and Leber congenital amaurosis. METHODS After isolation of human genomic clones, ...

lowing IPM procedures for managing grain aphids. Results Ninety-four percent of the 39 field tests comparing preventive versus IPM practices showed that IPM practices were more profitable. Few fields developed threshold aphid populations so insecticide was not applied and yields were not affected. Money was saved and total pesticide usage was reduced. Surveys of untreated fields over the last t...

OBJECTIVE To explore the usefulness of incidence-prevalence-mortality (IPM) models in improving estimates of disease epidemiology. METHODS Two artificial and four empirical data sets (for breast, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancer) were employed in IPM models. FINDINGS The internally consistent artificial data sets could be reproduced virtually identically by the models. Our estimates...

Integrated pest management (IPM), which combines physical, biological, and chemical control measures to complementary effect, is one of the most important approaches to environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture. To expand IPM, we need to develop new pest control measures, reinforce existing measures, and investigate interactions between measures. Continued progress in the development of ...