background and aims: influenza a virus subtype h9n2 have continued to circulate in domestic poultry farms in asia since 1998. the virus circulates in live bird markets, missing link in epidemiology of avian influenza. regarding previous studies on h9n2 viruses of iran and having no data on this subject in iranian live bird markets this study was conducted to analyze genetically hemagglutinin pr...

background: cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of cd and pb in cigarette filters of different iranian and non-iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples. methods: ten dif...

Negar Taleschian Tabrizi, Barmak Yaaghoubian, Fariba Pashazadeh, Sakineh Hajebrahimi. Students’ Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Urology, Iran...

The Iowa Electronic Markets are small, real-money financial markets designed to aggregate information about future events. The market microstructure of these markets is studied and a market making model is developed to provide liquidity for one set of securities offered by this exchange. A computer program was created to employ the market making model and profit from the market’s inefficiencies...

This paper takes a critical look at electronic markets. Through an examination of Hong Kong's air cargo industry, where an electronic network recently has begun its operation, we argue that none of the key industry stakeholders stand to gain from an electronic market. Instead we found that the existing electronic network has limited its service to carefully preserve the distribution of power am...

Evidence has shown that the provision of product information in electronic markets decreases the price elasticity of demand due to the ‘fit’ cost. This effect, however, could differ according to how consumers perceive the value of the product information to their quality evaluation procedures. If the information has very limited value, then they may not rely on it; thus, the demand elasticity m...

This paper presents our experiences in using an approach to teaching and learning that incorporates elements from games. In particular we describe a simulation game that has been used in a graduate course on Agent Technology for E-commerce to teach students principles of electronic markets and strategic interaction.

Abstract: The Internet was built using the efforts of a worldwide team of programmers that coordinated and competed through laissez-faire methods. Much of the effort was freely provided, or paid for by entities in a process that did not conform to normal commercial revenue-seeking or government regulatory behaviour. This points to major inefficiencies in the market for software. One inhibitor i...

People have trusted in face-to-face interaction more than any other modes of interactions to develop relationships and as a result of which one of the most concerned problem that the electronic world is facing, is the lack of trust. For online trust development, study of customer behavior is must as customers, in present context, have become more fickle and product cycles are shortening. This r...