The slag found in Hengdong Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province has been recognized by archaeologists as the earliest evidence of bloomery ironmaking China. was characterized and analyzed chemical titration, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), tescan integrated minera...

In recent years, there have been many attempts to reuse molten slag. Molten slag is obtained through further treatment of incinerated ash produced in the disposal process of garbage or sewage sludge and is used in building materials, such as brick. To establish the safety of such slag, its physical properties and metal contents were investigated in this study. After examining the physical and c...

In the conventional continuous casting of steel, either mold powder or oil can be added to lubricate the mold from sticking to the solidifying steel shell. The mold powder melts to form a molten slag or flux layer, and also acts to protect the molten steel from oxidation, to insulate the molten steel from heat loss, to absorb inclusions from the molten steel, to regulate heat transfer to mold w...

It is essential to lubricate the shell since inadequate lubrication leads to defects in the steel product (e.g. longitudinal cracks, sticker breakouts and star cracks). The liquid layer of the slag film, formed between the shell and the mould, lubricates the newly formed shell; the lubrication increases with increasing liquid slag thickness (dl). Lubrication is usually represented by the powder...

Archaeological excavations in the Podravina region led to discovery of sites with traces bloomery iron production during Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Mineralogical analysis slags recognized fayalite as main mineral phase, while geochemical confirmed high Fe contents, typical for smelting. Based on previously established occurrences bog ores study area, provenance studies were carried o...

Vanadium is an important metal used almost exclusively in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys due to its physicochemical and mechanical properties such as grain refinement, high tensile strength, hardness and fatigue resistance; it has a wide range of uses in the metallurgical and chemical sectors [1–3]. There are mainly three kinds of raw materials, bone coal, vanadium slag and waste vanadium catal...

Many phenomena in continuous casting including the formation of surface defects are greatly affected by heat transfer in the mold. The interfacial slag layers between the solidifying steel shell and the mold wall dominates the resistance to heat removal and thus controls mold heat transfer. Surface defects, such as longitudinal cracks and star cracks have been associated with variation of slag ...

The term "extremophile" was introduced to describe any organism capable of living and growing under extreme conditions. With the further development of studies on microbial ecology and taxonomy, a variety of "extreme" environments have been found and an increasing number of extremophiles are being described. Extremophiles have also been investigated as far as regarding the search for life on ot...

Six supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were identified to be incorporated in concrete exposed high-temperature cycling conditions within the thermal energy storage literature. The selected SCMs are bauxite, chamotte, ground granulated blast furnace slag, iron silicate, silica fume, and steel slag. A microstructural characterization was carried out through an optical microscope, X-ray d...

In hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) the slag will hold removed sulphur. However, iron that is lost when skimmed off, accounts for highest costs of HMD process. These losses are lower has a viscosity, which can be achieved by changing composition. A basicity decreases viscosity slag, but also lowers its sulphur removal capacity, therefore optimisation necessary. this study, optimal composition i...