: in this article the presence of women in islamic society has been addressed. women has been discussed in three social, economic, and scientific areas. the relation between the islamic jurisdiction and social presence of women has been studied based on the act and tradition of the prophet and imams. moreover, this article examines how much the islamic rulers adhere to the islamic acts and trad...

After the fall of the Berlin Wall a common political and economic consensus emerged, not only in the West but to a considerable extent around the world. Markets and democracy, working hand in hand, would transform the world into a community of modernized, peace-loving nations. In the process, ethnic hatred, extremist fundamentalism, and other “backward” aspects of underdevelopment would be swep...

This paper examines the Pakistani state’s shift from the accommodation to exclusion of the heterodox Ahmadiyya community, a self-defined minority sect of Islam. In 1953, the Pakistani state rejected demands by a religious movement that Ahmadis be legally declared non-Muslim. In 1974 however, the same demand was accepted. This paper argues that this shift in the state’s policy toward Ahmadis was...

the present article is an attempt to study theoretical aspects of justice in the precept of the holy prophet of islam, by focusing on practical and objective results. in the first place, the necessity and significance of political justice has been explained in three parts. in the next step, the nature, levels and foundation of justice in the viewpoint of the holy prophet are discussed. for purp...

Many commentators today lament the politicization of bioethics, but some suggest distinguishing among different kinds of politicization. This essay pursues that idea with reference to three traditions of political thought: liberalism, communitarianism, and republicanism. After briefly discussing the concept of politicization itself, the essay examines how each of these political traditions mani...

A number of commentators have recently identified a 'uniquely Scottish mode of thought in economics', or a particular 'Scottish political economy tradition'. In this paper the concept of tradition, defined as those features common to practitioners over a relatively long period, is investigated in relation to 'school', 'paradigm' and 'research programme'. An application of the concept to the Sco...

Since 2011, the region has been a profound socio-economic changes originated from n Tunisia, & spread to Middle Eastern and the former power structures affected. The management and direction to these uprisings is the key question of this paper. The key question, is the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran how answer to these Middle East public uprisings in the years 2011-2014? <...

Abstract: This study reviews the strengthening of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah tradition; efforts to counter transnational Islamic movement. Talking about movement, it cannot be separated from desire Islamist group. Such as Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) and Muslim Brotherhood (IM) introduce Islam that really refers Qur'an Sunnah Prophet. The purpose this is describe Next, describes tradition in context ...

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has for decades been a locus of dispute between ardent defenders of its scientific validity and vociferous critics who charge that it covertly cloaks disputed moral and political judgments in scientific language. This essay explores Alasdair MacIntyre's tripartite typology of moral reasoning--"enc...

Getting straight on ethics in qualitative research is not an internal matter only. Putting ethics and politics together is the right move intellectually, but it engages a major agenda beyond adjustments in qualitative theory and methods. The overall issue is the Enlightenment mind and its progeny. Only when the Enlightenment’s epistemology is contradicted will there be conceptual space for a mo...