Mumtaz Ahmad is professor in Hampton University’s Department of Political Science. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences’ “Fundamentalism Project,” Dr. Ahmad has been a Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution, a Fellow of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies and the International Institute of Islamic Thought, a Fulbright Professor in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and a Vis...

G. R. Jahanshahloo , F. Hossienzadeh Lotfi , N. Shoja , G. Tohidi , S. Razavyan d a Department of Mathematics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Iran b Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Firuozkooh Branch, Firuozkooh-Iran c Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Center Branch, Tehran-Iran, P.O. Box: 14515-459, [email protected] d De...

The paper serves as background material for the review of debated issues and standpoints in the theory and application of Islamic economics, IE; and for discussion of fruitful research avenues in application of IE to modern economies. The focus is on six areas: (1) theory: links between IE and mainstream economics; while topics (2) to (6) treat applications of the given directives in Islamic ec...

Literary works of classical (religious) books are literature covering many disciplines, such as theology, fiqh (jurisprudence), hadis, and mysticism (tasawuf). Mysticism takes an important part since there its experts or Sufi who able to deliver Islamic teaching in accordance the different levels understanding society. Many their were written Arabic alphabetical system, but languages Javanese, ...