intertextuality is one of the most significant techniques to which modern literary scholars have paid considerable attention. intertextuality signifies the participation of the texts within one another, thus every literary text contains several other texts with which it bears relations. the ancient scholars had recognized the phenomenon of intertextuality as well, labeling it though as plagiari...

Many tutors offer students reference material or tips that they can access as needed. We have logged data about student use of references with Deep Thought logic tutor which to understand why and how references are used. We find evidence that students use these references in systematic ways that change over the course of the tutor, and can be predictive of rule application errors. We can use th...

In reference to the philosophical theology of medieval Islamic theologian Ibn Taymiyya, this essay outlines a parallel between Taymiyyan thought and Alvin Plantinga's thesis 'Reformed Epistemology'. critiquing previous attempt build an account 'Islamic externalism', model offers that can be seen as wholly 'Plantingian'.

1 M.Sc student, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran 3 Ph.D Student, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran 4 Ph.D Student, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,...

transforming methodology from deduction to induction and finally its generalization from the realm of nature studies to the scope of human being one by a positivistic presupposition has led to modern humanities which have a charge to study human beings nature and behaviors scientifically. the main goal of the article is to show theoretical and practical insufficiency of this method in an islami...

This paper explores some of the issues that arise in the regulation of Islamic capital market products and services. As many of the products are distributed to retail clients by Islamic banks and through the Islamic windows of conventional banks, it is also pertinent to deal with the regulation of these institutions, not least because of the distinctive liability and asset structures of Islamic...

aside from internal historical and intellectual factors contributing to the stagnation of the islamic civilization in the last two decades, this civilization has faced a challenge in the fast growing and spreading civilization of the west. islamic thinkers, in tandem with reconstructing religious thought, have made strenuous efforts to find an internal religious answer for the emancipation of i...

some moral propositions are self-evident and are used as basis for justifying theoretical ones in ethics. while this view has long been raised in islamic thought and explained in more detail by contemporary philosophers, the sort of their being self-evident is less explained and sometimes is subject to disagreement. the authors of the present article hold that at least two propositions of “just...

during the first centuries of hijra, the concept of faith and its relevant issues were among the major topics in islamic thought. one the schools on the topic were murji'ah, introduced by hasan ibn muhammad al-hanafiyyah in kufa within the second half of hijra. the murjites held that pure faith can be achieved either through heart belief or confession; there is no need of action for salvat...