BACKGROUND Isocyanates are used in polyurethane production. Dermal exposure to isocyanates can induce contact allergy. The most common isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate used for industrial purposes. The isomer diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) is used in patch testing. Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diamine (4,4'-MDA) is its corresponding amine. Concurrent reactions to 4,4'-MDI and 4,...

Accurate thermochemical data of small molecules are invaluable to the progress of every aspect of chemistry, especially in the atmosphere, combustion and industry. In this work, photofragmentation translational spectroscopy and 1st principles electronic structure theory reveal the literature value of the heat of formation of chlorine-isocyanate to be in error by more than 40 kcalmol. We report ...

Chemicals in any form can be safely stored, handled or used if the physical, chemical, and hazardous properties are fully unders tood, and if proper precautions, including the use of adequate safeguards and personal protection equipment, are taken. In this paper , the chemicals to be considered are the g roup of chemicals known as polyisocyanates, a n d the methods of every-day handling of them...

9.1 General..................................................................................................................................216 9.2 Wood Adhesive Uses............................................................................................................217 9.3 Terminology..........................................................................................................

An adapted method for the quantitative determination of isocyanates in air was implemented and validated in-house. The method was based on air sampling using an impinger flask containing di-n-butylamine (DBA) in toluene and a glass fibre filter in series. The DBA derivatives were determined using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Studied isocyanates were isophorone diisocyanat...

Occupational diseases affect more and more people every year. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), in 2000 an estimated amount of at least 160 million people became ill as a result of occupational-related hazards or injuries. Globally, occupational deaths, diseases and injuries account for an estimated loss of 4% of the Gross Domestic Product. Important substances that are ...

The depletion of natural resources and increasing environmental apprehension regarding the reduction harmful isocyanates employed in manufacturing polyurethanes (PUs) have generated significant attention from both industrial academic sectors. This is focused on advancing bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins as viable sustainable substitutes, possessing satisfactory properties. re...

Several reactions of simple, unactivated alkenes with electrophiles under nickel(0) catalysis are discussed. The coupling of olefins with aldehydes and silyl triflates provides allylic or homoallylic alcohol derivatives, depending on the supporting ligands and, to a lesser extent, the substrates employed. Reaction of alkenes with isocyanates yields N-alkyl acrylamides. In these methods, alkenes...

Isocyanates, a group of low molecular weight aromatic and aliphatic compounds possesses the functional isocyanate group. They are highly toxic in nature hence; we used N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate (NSNM), a surrogate chemical containing a functional isocyanate group to understand the mode of action of this class of compounds. We employed budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model org...

Associations between isocyanate exposure and respiratory health effects have received little attention despite the extensive use of isocyanate compounds. Spray painters comprise a large population at risk, with potentially high isocyanate exposure because most lacquers contain hexamethylene diisocyanate. Repeated pulmonary function testing is not sufficient to diagnose and evaluate pulmonary to...