It has long been known that almost all isoniazid (INH) resistant mycobacteria lose the catalase and peroxidase activities along with reduced or no virulence for guinea pigs. Recently resistance to INH has become known to be associated with mutations of katG gene encoding the HPI (Hydroperoxidase I) type catalase and peroxidase. Among these mutations, the point mutation of codon 463 of katG gene...

Currently, isoniazid (INH) overdose seems to be a growing and life-threatening problem, partly due to the recent national roll-out of INHpreventive therapy (IPT) for HIV-positive adults. We present three cases, two of which were fatal, seen at Frere and Cecilia Makiwanehospitals, East London, South Africa over the past 16 months.

Method: One hundred thirty tuberculosis suspected individuals of both sexes and of different ages were included in the study. Sputum samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Resistant strains were tested for the presence of mutations conferring resistance using molecular techniques to amplify 315 base pair (bp) rifampicin (RIF) and 146 bp isoniazid (INH), as markers for MDR among...

The incidence of heartfailure is increasing every year, while there is no ideaL inotropic agent yet available. Therefore the searchfor an ideaL inotropic agent is still needed. Isoniazid (INH) has been wideLy used as an anti-tuberculosis agent that htts similar structure to the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. Considering tlnt K* channel blocker may prolong depolarization leading to a more i...

One of the most effective and widely used antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs is isoniazid (INH), a prodrug activated via oxidation that forms an adduct with NAD(+) to inhibit NADH-dependent targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). The metabolic by-products and potentially toxic intermediates resulting from INH therapy have been identified through...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global pandemic requiring sustained therapy to facilitate curing and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. There are few adequate tools to evaluate drug dynamics within infected tissues in vivo. In this report, we evaluated a fluorinated analog of isoniazid (INH), 2-[(18)F]fluoroisonicotinic acid hydrazide (2-[(18)F]-INH), as a probe for imaging Mycobacterium tuber...

We measured hair and plasma concentrations of isoniazid among sixteen children with tuberculosis who underwent personal or video-assisted directly observed therapy and thus had 100% adherence. This study therefore defined typical isoniazid exposure parameters after two months of treatment among fully-adherent patients in both hair and plasma (plasma area under the concentration-time curve, AUC,...

Clinical evaluation and chest x-ray are recommended for asymptomatic patients with a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test result, to exclude the slight possibility of active tuberculosis (TB). Patients with radiographic evidence of old (healed) TB infection should also undergo sputum testing (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion). Treatment with isoniazid (INH) monothe...

A target of the anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) has been shown to be an enoyl reductase, encoded by the inhA gene. The mabA (mycolic acid biosynthesis A) gene is located immediately upstream of inhA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The MabA protein from M. tuberculosis was expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to hav...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cerebrospinal fluid of 67 meningitis patients were obtained from six fever hospitals in Egypt. One M. bovis and 66 M. tuberculosis isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of oxyR. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates, 53 unique strain types (with 3 to 16 copies of IS6110) were found by RFLP analyses....