The Bayesian framework offers a number of techniques for inferring an individual’s knowledge state from evidence of mastery of concepts or skills. A typical application where such a technique can be useful is Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT). A Bayesian modeling scheme, POKS, is proposed and compared to the traditional Item Response Theory (IRT), which has been the prevalent CAT approach for the...

The nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) equating design are traditionally based on using a single to adjust for differences in difficulty which is critical forms most large-scale testing programs. When tests differ somewhat content and length, methods the item response theory (IRT) model leads greater stability of results. current study compared standard errors, bias, root mean square ...

This paper provides a review of procedures for detection of differential item functioning (DIF) for item response theory (IRT) and observed score methods for the graded response model. In addition, data from a test anxiety scale were analyzed to examine the congruence among these procedures. Data from Nasser, Takahashi, and Benson (1997) were reanalyzed for purposes of this study. The data were...

RESPONSE THEORY MODELS Various polytomous IRT models parameterize the probability of response categories differently from each other. For example, the graded response model (GRM) (Samejima, 1969) is based on the cumulative log-odds principle, whereas the generalized partial credit model (GPCM) (Muraki, 1992) is based on the adjacent log-odds principle. It is widely known that these two polytomo...

The purpose of the research is to produce a product in form valid and reliable measuring instrument for student numeracy that can be used schools general public. stages will carried out based on test development design, namely Preparing Test Specifications, Items, Testing Items Field, Revision Development. question grid 2013 curriculum syllabus. was conducted elementary school students. respons...

The authors present a didactic illustration of how item response theory (IRT) can be used to separate measurement bias from true group differences on homogeneous and heterogeneous scales. Several bias detection methods are illustrated with 12 unidimensional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) factor scales (Waller, 1999) and the 13 multidimensional MMPI validity and clinical scal...

The authors investigated the psychometric properties of the subscales of the Self-Perception Profile for Children with item response theory (IRT) models using a sample of 611 children. Results from a nonparametric Mokken analysis and a parametric IRT approach for boys (n = 268) and girls (n = 343) were compared. The authors found that most scales formed weak scales and that measurement precisio...

Differential item functioning (DIF), as an assessment tool, has been widely used in quantitative psychology, educational measurement, business management, and insurance and healthcare industries. The purpose of DIF analyses is to detect response differences of items in questionnaires, rating scales, or tests across different subgroups (e.g., gender), while controlling for ability level. There a...

This paper presents an application of a stochastic approximation EM-algorithm using a Metropolis-Hastings sampler to estimate the parameters of an item response latent regression model. Latent regression models are extensions of item response theory (IRT) to a 2-level latent variable model in which covariates serve as predictors of the conditional distribution of ability. Applications for estim...

BACKGROUND Assessing pain intensity in older adults is critical and challenging. There is debate about the most effective way to ask older adults to describe their pain severity, and clinicians vary in their preferred approaches, making comparison of pain intensity scores across settings difficult. METHODS A total of 3,676 residents from 71 community nursing homes across eight states were ask...